In this paper, a novel single layer Multiple Input–Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna for Fifth-Generation (5G) 28 GHz frequency band applications is proposed and investigated. The MIMO operates in the Ka-band, which most desirable 5G mm-wave communication. dielectric material Rogers-5880 with relative permittivity, thickness loss tangent of 2.2, 0.787 mm 0.0009, respectively, design. configuration element consists triplet circular shaped rings surrounded by an infinity-shaped shell. simulated...

In this letter, we investigate the energy efficiency (EE) problem in a millimeter wave massive MIMO system with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). Multiple two-user clusters are formulated according to their channel correlation and gain difference. Following this, propose hybrid analog/digital precoding scheme for low radio frequency chains structure at base station. On basis, formulate power allocation aiming maximize EE under users' quality of service requirements per-cluster...

To address atmospheric attenuation and path loss issues in the mmwave portion of spectrum, high gain narrow beam antenna systems are essential for next generation communication networks. This paper presents a novel hook-shaped array 28 GHz 5G applications. The proposed was fabricated on commercially available Rogers 5880 substrate with thickness 0.508 mm dimensions 10 × 8 mm2. shape consists circle an arc-shaped slot top it T-shaped resonating lengths introduced order to attain broad band...

Sixth generation (6G)-enabled smart cities with intelligent reconfigurable surfaces (IRSs), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technologies have the potential to transform consumer electronics through ultra-fast wireless connectivity, effective resource utilization, urban services. This paper presents a new optimization scheme in NOMA multi-UAV (M-UAV) networks by utilizing IRSs. The proposed focuses on ground user equipment (GUE) UAV association,...

In this paper, we investigate the resource allocation problem in two-tier heterogenous networks (HetNets) with massive MIMO, where two frequency bands, cellular band and millimeter wave band, are used for wireless backhaul links. To coordinate interference among small cells (SCs), SCs grouped into multiple SC clusters (SCCs), users jointly served by base stations (BSs) (SBSs) belonging to same SCC. eliminate multi-user inter-tier interference, propose a block diagonalization based precoding...

The number of wireless devices is growing rapidly on a daily basis echoing the increasing applications Internet Thing. Facing massive connections and unavoidable interference, how to provide green communication concerning matter. In this regard, nonorthogonal multiple-access (NOMA) natural communications technology that can scale with simultaneous for limited bandwidth. paper, we aim maximize energy efficiency (EE) an NOMA-based cloud radio access network, where sub-6 GHz millimeter wave...

In this paper, we investigate the energy-efficient resource allocation in two-tier massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) heterogeneous networks with wireless backhaul. Millimeter wave frequency is adopted at mMIMO macro base station (MBS), and cellular considered small cell BS orthogonal frequency-division multiple access. To lower hardware cost energy consumption MBS, two hybrid analog/digital precoding schemes are proposed according to connectivity, i.e., fully connected subarray...

This article presents compact and novel shape ring slotted antenna array operating at mmWave band on central frequency of 28 GHz. The proposed structure designed 0.256 mm thin Roggers 5880 is composed a patch with square slot etched the top mid-section partial ground plane. Through optimizing parameters high bandwidth 8 GHz achieved ranging from 26 to 32 simulated gain 3.95 dBi total efficiency 96% for single element. further transformed in 4 element linear manner. With dimensions 20 × 22...

Mobile edge computing (MEC) is expected to provide low-latency computation service for wireless devices (WDs). However, when WDs are located at cell or communication links between base stations (BSs) and blocked, the offloading latency will be large. To address this issue, we propose an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted cell-free MEC system consisting of multiple BSs IRSs improving transmission environment. Consequently, formulate a min–max optimization problem by jointly...

The terahertz (THz) communication has been considered as a promising technique for future 6G wireless networks because of its tens GHz bandwidth. However, the path direction THz channel under different subcarrier frequencies is (i.e., beam squint), which leads to serious gain loss conventional hybrid precoding design schemes. Thus, effect squint must be application wideband systems. In this paper, we consider problem in massive multiple-input-multiple-output (mMIMO) orthogonal frequency...

Internet of Vehicles (IoV) enables a wealth modern vehicular applications, such as pedestrian detection, real-time video analytics, etc., that can help to improve traffic efficiency and driving safety. However, these applications impose significant resource demands on the in-vehicle resource-constrained Edge Computing (EC) device installation. In this article, we study problem resource-aware offloading computation-intensive Closest roadside units (RSUs) or telecommunication base stations...

ABSTRACT This paper considers a downlink multiple input single output (MISO) non‐orthogonal access (NOMA) system over Nakagami‐m fading channels, where multi‐antenna base station (BS) serves several single‐antenna users with the statistical channel state information (CSI) of each user. We propose novel low‐complexity transmit antenna selection by head user (TAS‐head) strategy for first time to exploit spatial diversity antennas. Based on our proposed TAS‐head strategy, we derive closed‐form...

Mobile edge computing (MEC) can effectively overcome the shortcomings of high-latency in mobile cloud (MCC) by deploying resources, e.g., storage and computational capability, to edge.However, limited computation capability MEC restricts scalability offloading.Therefore, basic requirements system are explore effective offloading decisions resource allocation methods.To address it, we develop a collaborative composed local (mobile device), (edge cloud) MCC (central cloud).Based on proposed...

In this paper, we consider a computation offloading problem in three-tier network consisting of multiple mobile users (MUs), edge clouds, and central cloud. On basis, formulate system Energy Time Cost ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ETC$</tex-math></inline-formula> ) minimization by jointly optimizing the resource allocation, mobile-edge matching decision, decision. Due to difficulty...

In this brief, we consider a wireless powered mobile edge computing (MEC) system, where the base station (BS) is integrated with MEC server to support computation offloading. Meanwhile, BS equipped renewable energy resource and can transfer devices (WDs) trade grid. The objective minimize total cost of operator under offloading delay constraint by jointly optimizing BS's spot-market demand transmit power as well users' data size power. Both perfect imperfect channel state information (CSI)...

This paper investigates the effect of multiuser gain provided by secondary user selection on secrecy performance primary users. We first propose a simple scheme where with minimal interference channel is selected, and derive closed-form lower bound achievable ergodic rate (ESR) In high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime, asymptotic result shows that scales logarithmically number users for fixed temperature. Inspired non-orthogonal multiple access strategy, we then maximal jamming rate-based...

In this paper, we investigate the energy-efficient resource allocation problem in an uplink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) millimeter wave system, where fully-connected-based sparse radio frequency chain antenna structure is applied at base station (BS). To relieve pilot overhead for channel estimation, propose a codebook-based analog beam design scheme, which only requires to obtain equivalent gain. On basis, users belonging same are served via NOMA. Meanwhile, advanced NOMA decoding...

Resource allocation with sensing-based interference price is considered for multi-users cognitive radio (CR) network, in which the primary base station (PBS) controls secondary users' (SUs) transmission by pricing SUs' power. SUs firstly initiates data based on sensing decision and then PBS sets according to each SU's Stackelberg game formulated jointly obtain maximum revenue optimize resource maximize gain SUs. Two practical CR network models are investigated: spectrum sharing(SBSS)...

Reducing interference to primary users and achieving good throughput are key objectives for secondary in a cognitive radio (CR) network. In this letter, rate loss constraint is considered the sensing based spectrum sharing system of an OFDM CR Optimal resource allocation strategies including both time power schemes investigated maximize ergodic user under constraints users. A low complexity algorithm introduced characterize optimal on outcome at SU. The effectiveness proposed algorithms...

The novel blind digital image watermarking algorithm using fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) is proposed and the energy distribution of two-dimensional signal at different FRFT domain discussed. In this technique, multiple chirps are used as watermark which embedded in spatial directly, detected domain. Experimental results show that techniques can have good quality robust to some common processing.

In this paper, we investigate a millimeter wave integrated sensing and communication system with aid of the hybrid reconfigurable intelligent surface (HRIS), where dual-function radar station (DFBS) applies precoding structure. On basis, consider performance, respectively, formulate two optimization problems. One is to maximize worst-case illumination power while ensuring quality, another total achievable rate satisfying performance. To solve them, first decouple each nonconvex problem into...