To determine the availability, accessibility, and affordability of EEG, EMG, CSF analysis, head CT, brain MRI for neurologic disorders across countries.An online, 60-question survey was distributed to neurology practitioners in 2014 assess presence, wait time, cost each test private public health sectors. Data were stratified by World Bank country income group. Affordability calculated with reference Health Organization's definition catastrophic expenditure as health-related out-of-pocket...

Estimating the value of global investment in immunization programs is critical to helping decision makers plan and mobilize allocate resources required realize their full benefits. We estimated economic benefits using cost-of-illness value-of-a-statistical-life approaches combined this estimation with program costs derive return on from against ten pathogens for ninety-four low- middle-income countries period 2011–30. Using approach, one dollar invested our was 26.1 2011 2020 19.8 2021 2030....

How do different professional structures shape the economic ideas that international organizations use to prescribe policy recommendations or derive legitimacy and authority for them? The comparative field analysis proposed herein deploys a novel combination of content, network regression uncover precise role qualifications, experiences hierarchies in shaping expertise invoked by European Central Bank's International Monetary Fund's main documents, with specific focus on debates over fiscal...

Objective To evaluate equity in the allocation and distribution of vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to countries territories participating COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) Facility.Methods We used publicly available data on numbers COVAX vaccine doses allocated distributed 88 qualifying COVAX-sponsored 60 self-financing their facilitated by COVAX.We conducted a benefit-incident analysis examine based countries' gross domestic product (GDP) per capita.We plotted...

Importance Measuring vaccination coverage rates and equity is crucial for informing immunization policies in China. Objectives To estimate multidimensional childhood Design, Setting, Participants This cross-sectional study was conducted via a survey 10 Chinese provinces between August 5 October 16, 2019, among children ages 6 months to years their primary caregivers. Children’s records caregivers’ demographics socioeconomic status were collected. Data analyzed from November 2019 March 2022....

Global routine childhood vaccine coverage has plateaued in recent years, and the COVID-19 pandemic further disrupted immunisation services. We estimated global regional inequality of from 2019 to 2021, particularly assessing impacts pandemic.

Objective To quantify the association between reduction in child mortality and routine immunization across 204 countries territories from 1990 to 2019.Methods We used vaccine coverage data Global Burden of Disease Study.We a modified survival framework applied mixed-effects regression model estimate deaths children younger than 5 years associated with eight vaccines.Findings Between 2019, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP), measles, rotavirus Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines were...

BackgroundDiarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children in Bangladesh. Hospitalization for diarrhea can pose significant burden on households health systems. The aim this study was to estimate the cost illness due from healthcare facility, caregiver, societal perspectives Bangladesh.MethodA cross-sectional with an ingredient-based costing approach conducted 48 facilities In total, 899 caregivers were interviewed face-to-face between August 2017 May 2018,...

Abstract Background This study analyses vaccine coverage and equity among children under five years of age in Uganda based on the 2016 Demographic Health Survey (UDHS) dataset. Understanding access determinants is crucial for redress emerging as well persistent inequities. Methods Applied to UDHS 2000, 2006, 2011, 2016, Vaccine Economics Research Sustainability Equity (VERSE) Toolkit provides a multivariate assessment immunization by (1) ranking sample population with composite direct...

Food assistance interventions directed at households may miss undernourished individuals if intra-household equity in nutrient allocation is assumed. A recent study from Ethiopia revealed that, while all age groups consumed calories proportion to their fair share, iron and protein were inequitably allocated among household members. Further exploration of individual characteristics associated with these patterns necessary gain a more complete understanding existing disparities. This paper...

Benefit Incidence Analysis (BIA) is used to understand the distribution of health care utilization and spending in comparison income distribution. The results can illustrate how effectively governments allocate limited resources towards meeting needs poor. In analyzing public on inpatient, outpatient, deliveries, this paper represents most recent BIA completed India. order conduct statistical analysis for project, 2014 data from recently Indian National Sample Survey (NSS) was used. Unit...

ObjectivesUnderstanding the level of investment needed for 2021-2030 decade is important as global community faces next strategic period vaccines and immunization programs. To assist with this goal, we estimated aggregate costs programs ten in 94 low- middle-income countries from 2011 to 2030.MethodWe calculated vaccine, delivery stockpile leveraging latest available data sources. We conducted scenario analyses vary assumptions about relationship between cost coverage well vaccine prices...

Abstract Background India has made substantial progress in improving child health recent years. However, the country continues to account for a large number of vaccine preventable deaths. We estimated wealth-related full immunization inequalities India. also calculated degree which predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors contribute these inequalities. Methods used data from two rounds nationally representative survey done all states 2005–06 ( n = 9582) 2015–16 49,284). Full status...

Introduction In 2021, an estimated 18 million children did not receive a single dose of routine vaccinations and constitute the population known as zero children. There is growing momentum investment in reaching addressing gross inequity reach immunization services. To effectively do so, there urgent need to characterize more deeply barriers they face accessing Methods We utilized most recent DHS MICS data spanning 2011 2020 from low, lower-middle, upper-middle income countries. Zero status...

Abstract Background Integrated vaccine delivery – the linkage of routine vaccination with provision other essential health services is a hallmark robust primary care systems that has been linked to equitable improvements in population outcomes. Methods We gathered longitudinal data relating immunization coverage and equity 78 low- middle-income countries have ever received support from Gavi, Vaccine Alliance, using multiple imputation handle missing values. then estimated several group-based...