Partial migration, where populations of animals are composed a mixture resident and migratory individuals, is widespread phenomenon in nature. It has been reported to occur all major vertebrate groups, can have significant ecological consequences. Here we give an overview the ecology evolution partial migration animals. We firstly review different types assess drivers responsible for driving individual differences tendency within populations. A variety factors be important promoting...

In a field experiment where the presence or absence of piscivorous pike ( Esox lucius ) in ponds was manipulated, morphology crucian carp Carassius carassius diverged, such that individuals became deeper bodied pond sections with pike. A laboratory confirmed this predator induced change body carp. Estimation prey vulnerability to predation by pike, gape-limited predator, revealed increase depth resulted reaching size provided refuge from predation. However, incurs cost through an drag when...

We investigated the effects of an exotic snail, golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in tropical wetland ecosystems. This large (up to 80-mm shell height) has invaded parts Southeast Asia during recent decades. A survey natural wetlands Thailand showed that high densities were associated with almost complete absence aquatic plants, nutrient concentrations, phytoplankton biomass, is, a shift both state function. field experiment demonstrated...

The northern pike ( Esox lucius ) is a selective and important predator in lake ecosystems. Prey size limited by gape size, which linear function of body length. Here we show that the absolute gape‐size limit greater than previously considered, maximum ingestible prey depth. Further, experimentally prefer shallow‐bodied roach before deeper‐bodied common bream, small sizes within each species. Handling time increases with depth, since bream are roach, handling longer for same length, but...

Lakes and ponds are habitats of great human importance as they provide water for domestic, industrial agricultural use well providing food. In spite their fundamental to humans, freshwater systems have been severely affected by a multitude anthropogenic disturbances, which led serious negative effects on the structure function these ecosystems. The aim present study is review current state lake pond ecosystems likely scenario threats against time horizon year 2025. Predictions based state,...

Abstract Global homogenization of biota is underway through worldwide introduction and establishment nonindigenous (exotic) species. Freshwater ecologists should devote more attention to exotic species for two reasons. First, exotics provide an opportunity test hypotheses about what characteristics or habitats are related successful invasibility, respectively. Second, predicting which will cause large ecological change important challenge natural resource managers. Rigorous statistical...

Summary 1. Wetland ecosystems may, besides having considerable economical value, increase landscape biodiversity and function as traps for nutrients from land to freshwater‐ marine systems. As a result of these features, wetlands are nowadays often protected restored, many countries have even initiated wetland construction programmes. 2. In the present study, we aim at increasing knowledge on how improve design with respect both nutrient retention, by analysing physical, chemical biological...

1. The biomass and species richness of macrophytes invertebrates in artificial ponds at two sites southern Sweden (twenty‐one each site) were investigated. Alkalinity was high one site (H ponds) low the other (L ponds). chosen had different densities signal crayfish ( Pacifastacus leniusculus ), with mean abundance (estimated by trapping expressed as catch per unit effort) significantly higher L (10.7) than H (4.9). Macrophytes, invertebrates, amount periphyton on stones organic content...

Partial migration is a common phenomenon among many animals and occurs in types of ecosystems. Understanding the mechanisms behind partial major importance for understanding population dynamics and, eventually, ecosystem processes. We studied effects food availability on seasonal cyprinid fish from lake to connected streams during winter by use passive telemetry. Fish with increased access were found migrate higher proportion, earlier season, reside longer period compared decreased food....

In a replicated field experiment we studied the effects of natural densities two exotic consumers, predatory and herbivorous signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), on multiple trophic levels pond community. The goals were to: (1) determine individual combined predators macroinvertebrates, macrophytes, periphytic algae; (2) evaluate strength direct indirect interactions in food web influenced by omnivores; (3) relative importance predator mortality...

Fishes show a remarkable diversity of shapes which have been associated with their swimming abilities and anti-predator adaptations. The crucian carp (Carassius carassius) provides an extreme example phenotypic plasticity in body shape makes it unique model organism for evaluating the relationship between form function fishes. In carp, deep is induced by presence pike (Esox lucius), this results lower vulnerability to gape-limited predators, such as itself. Here, we demonstrate that...

Migration is a common phenomenon in many organisms, terrestrial as well aquatic, and considerable effort has been spent to understand the evolution of migratory behaviour its consequences for population community dynamics. In aquatic systems, studies on migration have mainly focused commercially important fish species, such salmon trout. However, seasonal mass-migrations may occur also among other freshwater fish, e.g. cyprinids that leave lakes migrate into streams wetlands fall return back...

Influence sur la croissance de Ceratophyllum demersum des epiphytes et herbivores Lymnea peregra Planorbis planorbis

Animal migration is an amazing phenomenon that has fascinated humans for long. Many freshwater fishes also show remarkable migrations, whereof the spectacular mass migrations of salmonids from spawning streams are most well known and studied. However, recent studies have shown occurs in a range fish taxa many different habitats. In this review we focus on causes consequences fishes. We start with introduction concepts categories migration, then address evolutionary drive individuals to make...

Crucian carp (Carassius carassius) develop a deeper body in the presence of northern pike (Esox lucius) and this has been suggested to be predator-induced morphological defense. The evolution inducible defenses requires that prey have reliable cues detecting predator. Here we investigate nature used by crucian series laboratory experiments. We monitored change depth when exposed visual chemical from predators alarm substances conspecifics. Results show are sufficient induce an increase carp....