A5024682637- Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
- Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis
- Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides
- Enzyme function and inhibition
- Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics
- Biochemical effects in animals
- Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- stochastic dynamics and bifurcation
- Biochemical and Structural Characterization
- Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
University of California, Riverside
2018-2024
Johns Hopkins University
2013-2019
Discovery Institute
2016-2019
Johns Hopkins Medicine
2013-2018
National Institute of Mental Health
1984-2014
University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli"
2013
Italian Institute of Technology
2013
University of Helsinki
2013
University of Maryland, College Park
2009-2011
St. Elizabeths Hospital
1981-1998
Spontaneous neuronal activity is a ubiquitous feature of cortex. Its spatiotemporal organization reflects past input and modulates future network output. Here we study whether particular type spontaneous generated by that optimized for processing. Neuronal avalanches are observed in superficial cortical layers vitro vivo with statistical properties expected from operating at “criticality.” Theory predicts criticality and, therefore, optimal processing, but until now, this has not been tested...
The repertoire of neural activity patterns that a cortical network can produce constrains the ability to transfer and process information. Here, we measured obtained from multisite local field potential recordings in cortex cultures, urethane-anesthetized rats, awake macaque monkeys. First, quantified information capacity pattern ongoing stimulus-evoked using Shannon entropy. Next, efficacy transmission between stimulus response mutual By systematically changing ratio excitation/inhibition...
Abstract— Angiotensin converting enzyme of rat brain was studied using Hip‐His‐Leu as substrate. The highest specific activity the associated with microsomal fraction. in several regions varied significantly. For example, activities striatal and pituitary enzymes were about 10‐fold greater than that cerebral cortical enzyme. required chloride ion; moreover, inhibited presence disodium EDTA or O‐phenanthroline, effects suggesting is a metalloprotein. SQ‐20881, nonapeptide inhibits peripheral...
Two types of monoamine oxidase were identified in vivo rat brain. These enzymes, designated as type A and B, inhibited differentially by the drugs clorgyline (inhibitor enzyme) deprenyl B enzyme). With these drugs, we have shown that two enzyme are responsible for metabolism different amines can be altered selectively administration drugs. For example, norepinephrine serotonin perferred substrates injection induced an elevation β-Phenylethylamine was a preferred substrate slowed...
Ongoing interactions among cortical neurons often manifest as network-level synchrony. Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of such spontaneous synchrony is important because it may (1) influence network response to input, (2) shape activity-dependent microcircuit structure, and (3) reveal fundamental properties, an imbalance excitation ( E ) inhibition I ). Here we delineate character in rat cortex slice cultures a computational model over range different E–I conditions including...
Pupil diameter is often treated as a noninvasive readout of activity in the locus coeruleus (LC). However, how accurately it can be used to index LC not known. To address this question, we established graded relationship between pupil size changes and spiking mice, where dilation increased monotonically with number spikes. exists substantial variability such that only predict small fraction on moment-by-moment basis. In addition, exhibited large session-to-session fluctuations response...
A surprising finding of recent studies in mouse is the dominance widespread movement-related activity throughout brain, including early sensory areas. In awake subjects, failing to account for movement risks misattributing other (e.g., or cognitive) processes. this article, we (1) review task designs separating task-related and activity, (2) three “case studies” which not considering would have resulted critically different interpretations neuronal function, (3) discuss functional couplings...
Rat brain neuropeptide Y precursor (prepro-NPY) cDNA clones were isolated and sequenced in order to study regulation of the prepro-NPY gene. (98 amino acid residues) contains a 36-residue NPY sequence, followed by proteolysis/amidation site Gly-Lys-Arg, 30-residue COOH-terminal sequence. The strong evolutionary conservation rat human sequences (100%) peptide (93%) suggests that both peptides have important biological functions. In central nervous system, mRNA (800 bases) is most abundant...
In the cortex, interactions among neurons give rise to transient coherent activity patterns that underlie perception, cognition, and action. Recently, it was actively debated whether most basic interactions, i.e., pairwise correlations between or groups of neurons, suffice explain those observed patterns. So far, evidence reported is controversial. Importantly, overall organization neuronal mechanisms underlying their generation, especially high-order have remained elusive. Here we show...
Abstract Two peptides that are structurally related to the molluscan tetrapeptide Phe‐Met‐Arg‐Phe‐NH2 (FMRF‐NH2) were recently isolated from bovine brain extract (Yang et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82 :7757–7761, '85). These have an attenuating effect on morphine‐induced analgesia when injected intracerebroventricularly in rats. Antisera against two peptides–an octapeptide, Phe‐Leu‐Phe‐Gln‐Pro‐Gln‐Arg‐Phe‐NH2 (F8F‐NH2), and octadecapeptide,...
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) distribution in bovine adrenal glands was studied by RIA and immunohistochemical technique. NPY content (picomoles per mg protein ± SEM) of chromaffin cells, medulla, cortex, whole 4.2 0.16, 2.7 0.28, 0.19 0.02, 0.94 0.14, respectively, while the granule 53. Immunohistochemically, immunoreactivity detected norepinephrine containing cells also nerve fibers crossing through cortex medulla. enkephalin immunoreactivities were found distinct cells. Biochemical...