The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), which has recently become operational, is capable of detecting objects at record-breaking redshifts, $z \gtrsim 15$. This a crucial advance for observational cosmology, as these redshifts the differences between alternative cosmological models manifest themselves in most obvious way. In recent years, some hints have emerged indicating that Standard Cosmological Model could require correcting. One related to discovery remote galaxies whose correspond...

ABSTRACT We examine the prospects of high-redshift long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) Hubble diagram as a test basic cosmological principles. Analysis allows us to several fundamental principles using directly observed flux–distance–redshift relation. Modern LGRBs data together with correlation between spectral peak energy and isotropic equivalent radiated (the so-called Amati relation) can be used for construction at model-independent level. emphasize observational selection effects, which...

It is possible to reduce the discrepancy between local measurement of cosmological parameter $H_0$ and value derived from $Planck$ measurements Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) by considering contamination CMB emission some medium around distant extragalactic sources, such as extremely cold coarse-grain dust. Though being distant, a would still be in foreground with respect CMB, and, any other foreground, it alter power spectrum. This could contribute dispersion temperature fluctuations. By...

The Hubble diagram (HD) is a plot that contains luminous distance modulus presented with respect to the redshift. modulus–redshift relation of most well-known “standard candles”, type Ia supernovae (SN), crucial tool in cosmological model testing. In this work, we use SN data from Pantheon catalogue calibrate Swift long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) as candles” via Amati relation. Thus, expand HD area LGRBs up z∼8. To improve quality estimation parameters and their errors, implement Monte-Carlo...

The paper assesses the potential galactic nature of small distant objects (also known as ``little red dots'') in SUPER galaxy catalogue James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) UNCOVER survey. estimate is based on assumption that these could be brown dwarfs or similar with temperatures a few hundred degrees – if radiation from low-temperature bodies was interpreted photometric redshift typical galaxy. hypothetical number density our calculated, such to match observed dots'' physical possibility...

Observational data from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) indicate a significant number of galaxies with redshifts $z > 10$. Galaxies record-breaking exhibit luminosities comparable to those in local universe, and they are small size, measuring hundreds parsecs, as determined within standard cosmological model, $\Lambda$CDM. Within this framework, satisfactory explanation for their formation evolution has not yet been found. So, most current research focuses on revising theories...

This paper lies in the framework of axiomatic non-standard analysis based on arithmetic theory. includes actual infinite numbers. Unlike model arithmetic, this approach does not take models into account but uses an research method. In theory hyperrational numbers are defined as triplets hypernatural Since and is mainly published Russian, article we give a brief review its basic concepts required results. Elementary defining evaluating such notions continuity, differentiability integral...

Observed magnitudes of many quasars with redshifts exceeding $z=5$ correspond to luminosities $L_{\rm bol} > 10^{14}\,L_\odot$. The standard mechanism quasar energy release by accretion suggests that masses superluminous should exceed $10^{10}\,M_\odot$. On the other hand, age these objects in cosmological model is below one billion years, which too short explain their formation early Universe. Many are known be gravitationally lensed; showing multiple images same object. In case remote no...

The standard elementary number theory is not a finite axiomatic system due to the presence of induction axiom scheme. Absence an obstacle for most tasks, but may be considered as imperfect since strongly associated with set external system. Also in case logic approach artificial intelligence problems basic axioms and states important. Axiomatic hyperrational analysis field. properties numbers functions allow them used model real classical mathematical analysis. However based on well-known...

ABSTRACT We have received a new physical characteristics fitting based on actual observational data from the Swift mission’s long-duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs). considered such as Amati parameters for linear correlation (Eiso–Ep,i) and k-correction gravitational lensing Malmquist bias (GLMB) effect. used Pantheon SN Ia catalogue standard Lambda cold dark matter model with fixed Hubble constant of H0 = 70 km s−1 Mpc−1 baseline function μ(z). In our paper, we formulated inverse...

It is possible to explain the discrepancy (tension) between local measurement of cosmological parameter H 0 (theHubble constant) and its value derived from Planck-mission measurements Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)by considering contamination CMB by emission some medium surrounding distant extragalactic sources, such asextremely cold coarse-grain (grey) dust. Though being distant, a would still be in foreground with respectto CMB, and, as any other foreground, it alter power spectrum....