The authors thank Mr A. J. Lammens for his technical assistance and Dr S. R. Fox in preparing the manuscript.

Abstract Aim To evaluate ex vivo the incidence of defects in root dentine before and after canal preparation filling. Methodology Eighty extracted mandibular premolars were divided equally four groups. Group 1 was left unprepared. All other canals prepared using Gates Glidden drills System GT files up to size‐40, 0.06 taper at working length. 2 not filled while groups with gutta‐percha AH26, either a master cone passive insertion secondary gutta percha points (group 3) or lateral compaction...

To test ex vivo the efficiency of laser-activated irrigation in removing dentine debris from apical part root canal and to visualize vitro fluid dynamics during activation irrigant by laser, using high-speed imaging at a relevant timescale.Root canals with standardized groove one wall filled were irrigated syringe irrigation, ultrasonically or (LAI) 2% sodium hypochlorite as irrigant. The quantity after was determined. Visualization achieved camera glass model.Laser-activated significantly...

The aim of this study was to observe the existence and assess quality obturation uninstrumented recesses in oval canals.The balanced force technique used two groups canals human mandibular incisors. group 1 were enlarged conventional sizes, whereas 2 more widely. All obturated with cold laterally condensed gutta-percha. Two horizontal sections cut apical portion each filled root. Images cross-sections scanned analysed using KS100 Imaging system.Uninstrumented appeared 13 (65%) canals. five...

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate healing periapical lesions teeth with positive and negative canal cultures at time obturation, treated in one visit (without) or two visits an interappointment dressing calcium hydroxide.Thirty-nine patients received root-canal treatment. In first visit, were instrumented, 18 these filled (after microbiological sampling) hydroxide sterile saline. other 21 obturated gutta-percha AH-26 sealer after sampling. Four weeks later, accessed again...

Abstract Aim To compare the ability of syringe irrigation and ultrasonic to remove artificially placed dentine debris from simulated canal irregularities within prepared root canals. Methodology After enlargement, twelve canines were split longitudinally into two halves. On wall one half each a standard groove 4 mm in length, 0.2 width 0.5 depth was cut, 2–6 apex, simulate uninstrumented extensions. other half, three saucer‐shaped depressions 0.3 diameter cut at 2, 6 apex irregularities....

To evaluate the capacity to remove a calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) paste from root canal and efficacy of Ca(OH)2 removal during passive ultrasonic irrigation using either sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or water as an irrigant.Sixteen mandibular premolars were used. Each was prepared apical foramen GT instruments size 30, 0.06 taper. split longitudinally. In one half root, groove cut in wall 2-6 mm apex which then filled with paste. Subsequently roots reassembled. group 1 (n = 16), teeth...

This study examined the prevalence of endodontic treatment in a group 184 Dutch adults, and determined periapical status all teeth using panoramic radiographs. The results indicate that this group, 2.3% were root-filled, 5.2% non-endodontically treated showed signs pathology. Around apices 39.2% endodontically survey, radiographic pathology observed. Using level root canal filling as criterion for evaluating quality treatment, 50.6% treatments qualified inadequate. There was significant...

Summary Convective transport of water from the coronal to apical end obturated root canals was determined by movement an air bubble in a capillary glass tube connected apex experimental section using headspace pressure 120 kPa (1.2 atm). Water through existing voids could be measured reproducibly this way. The 60 human maxillary canines were filled with gutta‐percha and sealer cold lateral condensation technique. Thirty these first exposed small motile bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,...

To evaluate the capability of two hand instrumentation techniques, namely balanced force and circumferential filing, to remove inner layer dentine in oval canals.Thirty mandibular incisors with a single canal were selected divided into equal groups on basis their radiographic bucco-lingual internal diameters measured at level 5 mm from apex. Two different i.e. used each group. A modification Bramante muffle mould was examine root before after The images cross-section superimposed one...