Experimental data are presented that clearly demonstrate the scope of application peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) as a video quality metric. It is shown long content and codec type not changed, PSNR valid measure. However, when correlation between subjective highly reduced. Hence cannot be reliable method for assessing across different contents.

A fast block-matching algorithm for motion estimation is presented. It based on a logarithmic step where, in each search step, only four locations are tested. For displacement of w pels/frame, this technique requires 5+4 log/sub 2/w computations to locate the best match. Using sequences CIF standard pictures, interframe compensated prediction error with compared other methods. The computational complexity also against those methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

Two-layer conditional-replenishment coding of video signals over a variable-bit-rate (VBR) network is described. A slotted-ring based on an Orwell protocol assumed, where transmission certain packets guaranteed. The two-layer coder produces two output bit streams: the first stream contains all important structural information in image and accommodated guaranteed capacity network, while second adds necessary quality finish. performance tested with CIF standard sequences broadcast-quality...

In this work, transcoding of pre-encoded MPEG-1, 2 video into lower bit rates is realized through altering the coding algorithm H.261/H.263 standards with spatio-temporal resolutions. For heterogeneous transcoding, we extract and compose a set candidate motion vectors, from incoming stream, to comply encoding format output stream. spatial resolution reduction generate one vector out input vectors operating on higher image. Finally, for temporal new dropped frames vectors. Throughout paper,...

Many of the forthcoming video services and multimedia applications are expected to use preencoded for storage transmission. Video transcoding is intended provide transmission flexibility bit streams by dynamically adjusting rate these according new bandwidth constraints that were unknown at time encoding. In this paper, we propose a drift-free MPEG-2 transcoder, working entirely in frequency domain. The various modes motion compensation (MC) defined implemented discrete cosine transform...

Methods for the interpolation of lost cells in asynchronous-transfer-mode (ATM) networks are studied. It is shown that use motion-compensated previous frames gives best results. The quality interpolated pictures improves if motion vectors truly represent actual scene. This only possible with a two-layer coding scheme, where can be delivered to decoder through base-layer guaranteed channel. In derivation at encoder, uncoded input picture outperforms conventional method extraction from coded...

Intelligent congestion control is vital for encoded video streaming of a clip or film, as network traffic volatility and the associated uncertainties require constant adjustment bit rate. Existing solutions, including standard transmission protocol (TCP) friendly rate equation-based controller, are prone to fluctuations in their sending may respond only when packet loss has already occurred. This major problem, because both affect end-user's perception delivered video. A type-1 (T1) fuzzy...

In this paper we describe a subjective quality assessment experiment conducted to measure the impact of temporal artifacts on video and characterize influence content motion perceived quality. We examined human response jerkiness jitter by considering different levels strength, duration distribution impairments. Using videos with high picture quality, found that for intermediate frame rate values was similar independently from decimation. On other hand, very low rates, overall decreased as...

For online analysis of the video content complexity in live streaming applications, selecting low-complexity features is critical to ensure low-latency without disruptions. To this light, for each (segment), two features, i.e., average texture energy and gradient energy, are determined. A DCT-based function introduced determine block-wise frame. The spatial temporal (segment) derived from function. Video Complexity Analyzer (VCA) project aims provide an efficient which can be used various...

Current per-title encoding schemes encode the same video content at various bitrates and spatial resolutions to find an optimized bitrate ladder for each in Video on Demand (VoD) applications. However, live streaming applications, a with fixed bitrate-resolution pairs is used avoid additional latency caused optimum every content. This paper introduces online scheme (OPTE) In this scheme, target bitrate's optimal resolution predicted from any pre-defined set of using Discrete Cosine Transform...

In this letter, hierarchical quadrature amplitude modulation (HQAM) is used to provide unequal error protection (UEP) for layered (data partitioned) H.264 coded video. a conventional HQAM system, the high-priority (HP) and low-priority (LP) capacities have constant ratio, whereas in data partitioning, corresponding parts do not necessarily ratio. This letter proposes multilevel arrangement with adaptive constellation distances that provides graceful degradation quality of decoded video...

In this study, the authors introduce a highly efficient reversible data hiding system. It is based on dividing image into tiles and shifting histograms of each tile between its minimum maximum frequency. Data are then inserted at pixel level with largest frequency to maximise capacity. exploits special properties medical images, where histogram their non-overlapping mostly peak around some grey values rest spectrum mainly empty. The zeros (or minima) peaks (maxima) relocated embed data....

InIn HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS), each video is divided into smaller segments, and segment encoded at multiple pre-defined bitrates to construct a <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">bitrate ladder</i> . To optimize bitrate ladders, per-title encoding approaches encode various resolutions determine the convex hull. From hull, an optimized ladder constructed, resulting in increased Quality of Experience (QoE) for end-users. With...

This paper provides an overview of the open Video Complexity Dataset (VCD) which comprises 500 Ultra High Definition (UHD) resolution test video sequences. These sequences are provided at 24 frames per second (fps) and stored online in losslessly encoded 8-bit 4:2:0 format. In this paper, all characterized by spatial temporal complexities, rate-distortion complexity, encoding complexity with x264 AVC/H.264 x265 HEVC/H.265 encoders. The dataset is tailor-made for cutting-edge multimedia...

For adaptive streaming applications, low-complexity and accurate video complexity features are necessary to analyze the content in real time, which ensures fast compression-efficient without disruptions. State-of-the-art Spatial Information (SI) Temporal (TI) do not correlate well with encoding parameters applications. To this light, Video Complexity Analyzer (VCA) was introduced, determining based on Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)-energy. This paper presents optimizations VCA for faster...

Adaptive live video streaming applications utilize a predefined collection of bitrate-resolution pairs, known as <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">bitrate ladder</i> , for simplicity and efficiency, eliminating the need additional run-time to determine optimal pairs during session. These do not incorporate two-pass encoding methods due increased latency. However, an optimized bitrate ladder could result in lower storage delivery...