A5002556689- Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
- Precipitation Measurement and Analysis
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
- Underwater Acoustics Research
- Climate variability and models
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Water Quality Monitoring Technologies
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques
- Scientific Research and Discoveries
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Coastal and Marine Dynamics
- Energy and Environmental Systems
- Agriculture, Soil, Plant Science
- Climate change and permafrost
- Environmental Monitoring and Data Management
- Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems
- Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
Remote Sensing Systems (United States)
2015-2024
Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg
2023
Reliable System Services (United States)
2022
Goddard Space Flight Center
2019
Josef Meissner (Germany)
2018
Carnegie Mellon University
1997-1999
University of South Carolina
1995-1996
University of Washington
1994-1995
We provide a new fit for the microwave complex dielectric constant of water in salinity range between 0-40 ppt using two Debye relaxation wavelengths. For pure water, is based on laboratory measurements temperature -20/spl deg/C and +40/spl including supercooled frequencies up to 500 GHz. sea our valid temperatures -2/spl +29/spl at least 90 At low frequencies, model modified version Klein-Swift model. compare results with various other models validation an extensive analysis brightness from...
We present a model function for the emissivity of wind roughened ocean surface microwave frequencies between 6 and 90 GHz. It is an update, refinement, extension functions we had developed previously. The basis our analysis are brightness temperature (TB) measurements from spaceborne radiometer WindSat Special Sensor Microwave/Imager, which collocated with independent speeds directions. This allows determination Earth incidence angles (EIA) around 55°. demonstrate that essential part in...
Operated since the end of 2009, European Space Agency (ESA) Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite mission is first orbiting radiometer that collects regular global observations from space two Essential Climate Variables Global Observing System: Sea Surface (SSS) Moisture. The National Aeronautics Administration (NASA) Aquarius mission, with primary objective to provide SSS measurements operated mid-2011 mid-2015. NASA's Active-Passive (SMAP) primarily dedicated soil moisture...
The Aquarius end-of-mission (Version 5) salinity data set was released in December 2017. This article gives a comprehensive overview of the main steps Level 2 retrieval algorithm. In particular, we will discuss corrections for wind induced surface roughness, atmospheric oxygen absorption, reflected galactic radiation and side-lobe intrusion from land surfaces. Most these have undergone major updates previous versions, which has helped mitigating temporal zonal biases. Our also discusses...
Abstract Remote sensing of salinity using satellite-mounted microwave radiometers provides new perspectives for studying ocean dynamics and the global hydrological cycle. Calibration validation these measurements is challenging because satellite in situ methods measure differently. Microwave top few centimeters ocean, whereas most observations are reported below a depth meters. Additionally, satellites as spatial average over an area about 100 × km2. In contrast, sensors provide pointwise at...
Satellite microwave radiometers capable of accurately retrieving sea surface temperature (SST) have provided great advances in oceanographic research. A number future satellite missions are planned to carry various designs and orbits. While it is well known that the 11 GHz SST retrievals less accurate than 7 retrievals, particularly colder waters, has not been demonstrated using existing data. The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) provides means examine...
Abstract The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission was launched in January 2015 has been providing science data since April 2015. Though designed to measure soil moisture, the SMAP radiometer an excellent capability ocean winds storms at a resolution of 40 km with swath width 1,000 km. channels operate very low microwave frequency (L band, 1.41 GHz, 21.4 cm), which good sensitivity surface wind speed even high little impact by rain....
Abstract In order to achieve the required accuracy in sea surface salinity (SSS) measurements from L‐band radiometers such as Aquarius/SAC‐D or SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) mission, it is crucial accurately correct radiation that emitted ocean for roughness effects. We derive a geophysical model function (GMF) emission backscatter of microwave rough surfaces. The analysis based on radiometer brightness temperature scatterometer observations both taken board Aquarius. data are...
Strengths and weakness of remotely sensed winds are discussed, along with the current capabilities for sensing stress. Future missions briefly mentioned. The observational needs a wide range wind stress applications provided. These strongly support short list desired future constellations.
Since 2009, three low frequency microwave sensors have been launched into space with the capability of global monitoring sea surface salinity (SSS). The European Space Agency’s (ESA’s) Microwave Imaging Radiometer using Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS), onboard Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission (SMOS), National Aeronautics Administration’s (NASA’s) Aquarius Active Passive (SMAP) use L-band radiometry to measure SSS. There are notable differences in instrumental approaches, as well retrieval...
We have developed algorithms that retrieve ocean-surface wind speed and direction under rain using brightness-temperature (TB) measurements from passive satellite microwave radiometers. For accurate radiometer retrievals of speeds in the rain, it is essential to use TB signals at different frequencies, whose spectral signature makes possible find channel combinations are sufficiently sensitive but little or not rain. The wind-speed retrieval accuracy an algorithm utilizes C-band frequencies...
Aquarius was the first NASA satellite to observe sea surface salinity (SSS) over global ocean. The mission successfully collected data from 25 August 2011 7 June 2015. project released its final version (Version-5) of SSS product in December 2017. purpose this paper is summarize validation results Validation Data System (AVDS) and other statistical methods, provide a general view quality users. demonstrate that has met target measurement accuracy requirement 0.2 psu on monthly averages 150...
This article provides a review of tropical cyclone (TC) surface wind estimation from an operational forecasting perspective. First, we provide summary forecast center practices and historical databases. Next, discuss current emerging objective estimates TC winds, including algorithms, archive datasets, individual algorithm strengths weaknesses as applied to parameters. Our leads recommendations about required coverage – area covering at least 1100 km 2-km resolution in the inner-core,...
The third Stokes parameter of ocean surface brightness temperatures measured by the WindSat instrument is sensitive to rotation angle between polarization vectors at and instrument. This depends on spacecraft attitude (roll, pitch, yaw) as well Faraday electromagnetic radiation passing through Earth's ionosphere. Analyzing antenna temperatures, we find biases in function along-scan position up 1.5 K all feedhorns. points a misspecification reported attitude. A single correction -0.16/spl...
Abstract The Liebe and Rosenkranz atmospheric absorption models for dry air water vapor below 100 GHz are refined based on an analysis of antenna temperature ( T A ) measurements taken by the Global Precipitation Measurement Microwave Imager (GMI) in frequency range 10.7 to 89.0 GHz. GMI compared predicted a radiative transfer model (RTM), which incorporates both emission reflection from rough‐ocean surface. inputs RTM geophysical retrievals wind speed, columnar vapor, cloud liquid obtained...
This article describes recent advances in the capability of new satellite sensors for observing Tropical Cyclones (TC) fine structure, wind field, and temporal evolution. The is based on a World Meteorological Organization (WMO) report prepared 10th International Workshop (IWTC), held Bali December 2022, its objective to present updates TC research operation every four years. Here we focus regarding most space-based observations, cover methodologies techniques using polar orbiting sensors,...
We analyze the wind direction signal for vertically (v) and horizontally (h) polarized microwave radiation at 37 GHz, 19 11 GHz; an Earth incidence angle of 53/spl deg/. use brightness temperatures from SSM/I TMI vectors buoys QUIKSCAT scatterometer. The are space time collocated with radiometer measurements. Water vapor, cloud water sea surface temperature obtained independent measurements uncorrelated direction. find a that is noticeably smaller low moderate speeds than previous analysis...
To evaluate the scalar ocean surface wind speeds obtained from Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I), we compare them over time period July 1987 through December 1997 with those two global analyses: National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Annual Reanalysis and European Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)/Tropical Ocean‐Global Atmosphere Global Surface Analysis. We perform a statistical analysis whole globe present series analyses selected...
The usual theoretical treatments of the near-threshold pp\ensuremath{\rightarrow}pp${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{0}$ reaction are based on various phenomenological Lagrangians. In this work we examine relationship between these approaches and a systematic chiral perturbation method. Our calculation indicates that pion rescattering term should be significantly enhanced as compared with traditional treatment, have substantial energy momentum dependence. An important consequence energy-momentum...
Aquarius was launched in June 2011 to monitor the global salinity field open ocean. This radiometer/scatterometer (i.e., passive/active) instrument is part of Aquarius/SAC-D mission, a partnership between USA and Argentina. In general, observatory instruments have functioned well with mostly minor issues. has been operating successfully since being turned on August 25, 2011. The quality retrieval improved continuously approaching accuracy goal 0.2 psu (monthly RMS). maps produced by show...
Abstract A Passive and Active Reference Microwave to Infrared Ocean (PARMIO) physical radiative transfer model has been selected by an international team of experts be used as a community ocean surface emissivity model. fast version this is developed within the framework European Organisation for Exploitation Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) Numerical Weather Prediction Satellite Application Facilities visiting scientist programme: SURface Fast Emissivity Model (SURFEM‐Ocean),...
Sea surface temperature (SST) serves as a crucial ancillary input field to the retrieval algorithm for sea salinity (SSS) from L-band satellite radiometers, such Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission, Aquarius, Active Passive mission. It is needed inverting radiative transfer model equation of ocean emissivity, which depends both on temperature. Our analysis studies sensitivity performance Aquarius SST that used in algorithm. We have retrieved salinities using four different fields input,...
The measurement of ocean surface wind speeds in precipitation from satellite microwave radiometers is a challenging task. Rain attenuates the signal that emitted surface. Moreover, rain and signals are very similar, which makes it difficult to distinguish rain. contamination can be mitigated for operate simultaneously at C-band X-band channels, such as WindSat, AMSR-E AMSR2. basic principle use combinations between channels sensitive speed but relatively insensitive Based on this principle,...
In 2021, a novel NOAA-Saildrone project deployed five uncrewed surface vehicle Saildrones (SDs) to monitor regions of the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea frequented by tropical cyclones. One SDs, SD-1045, crossed Hurricane Sam (Category 4) on September 30, providing first-ever surface-ocean videos conditions in core major hurricane reporting near-surface winds as high 40 m/s. Here, we present comprehensive analysis interpretation Saildrone ocean wind measurements Sam, using following...
Geolocation and pointing accuracy analyses of the WindSat flight data are presented. The two topics were intertwined in analysis will be addressed together. has no unusual geolocation requirements relative to other sensors, but its beam knowledge is especially critical support accurate polarimetric radiometry. Pointing was improved verified using conjunction with scan bias analysis. Two methods needed properly identify differentiate between time tagging errors. Matchups comparing coastlines...