A5046529986- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Climate variability and models
- Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Marine and fisheries research
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing
- Underwater Acoustics Research
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Climate Change and Environmental Impact
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Climate change and permafrost
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
- Aquatic and Environmental Studies
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Coastal and Marine Dynamics
- Marine and environmental studies
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
2016-2025
Woodwell Climate Research Center
2025
TU Wien
2021
Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology
2020
Ocean University of China
2020
First Institute of Oceanography
2008-2020
Earth and Space Research
2020
Farallon Institute
2020
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
2008
NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory
2008
A 25-yr (1981–2005) time series of daily latent and sensible heat fluxes over the global ice-free oceans has been produced by synthesizing surface meteorology obtained from satellite remote sensing atmospheric model reanalyses outputs. The project, named Objectively Analyzed Air–Sea Fluxes (OAFlux), was developed an initial study Atlantic Ocean that demonstrated such data synthesis improves flux estimates basin scale. This paper introduces analysis documents variability ocean fields on...
The Indian Ocean is unique among the three tropical ocean basins in that it blocked at 25°N by Asian landmass. Seasonal heating and cooling of land sets stage for dramatic monsoon wind reversals, strong ocean-atmosphere interactions, intense seasonal rains over subcontinent, Southeast Asia, East Africa, Australia. Recurrence these critical to agricultural production supports a third world's population. also remotely influences evolution El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), North Atlantic...
The most important sources of atmospheric moisture at the global scale are herein identified, both oceanic and terrestrial, a characterization is made how continental regions influenced by water from different source regions. methods used to establish source‐sink relationships vapor reviewed, advantages caveats associated with each technique discussed. described include analytical box models, numerical tracers, physical tracers (isotopes). In particular, consideration given wide range...
Abstract The estimate of surface irradiance on a global scale is possible through radiative transfer calculations using satellite-retrieved surface, cloud, and aerosol properties as input. Computed top-of-atmosphere (TOA) irradiances, however, do not necessarily agree with observation-based values, for example, from the Clouds Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES). This paper presents method to determine irradiances observational constraints TOA CERES. A Lagrange multiplier procedure used...
The Pilot Research Moored Array in the tropical Atlantic (PIRATA) was developed as a multinational observation network to improve our knowledge and understanding of ocean-atmosphere variability Atlantic. PIRATA motivated by fundamental scientific issues societal needs for improved prediction climate its impact on economies West Africa, northeastern Brazil, Indies, United States. In this paper implementation is described, noteworthy accomplishments are highlighted, future framework...
Turbulent and radiative exchanges of heat between the ocean atmosphere (hereafter fluxes), surface wind stress, state variables used to estimate them, are Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) Climate (ECVs) influencing weather climate. This paper describes an observational strategy for producing 3-hourly, 25-km (and aspirational goal hourly at 10-km) flux stress fields over global, ice-free with breakthrough 1-day random uncertainty 15 W m-2 a bias less than 5 m-2. At present this accuracy...
Abstract Westerly wind bursts (WWBs) in the equatorial Pacific occur during development of most El Niño events and are believed to be a major factor ENSO’s dynamics. Because their short time scale, WWBs normally considered part stochastic forcing ENSO, completely external interannual ENSO variability. Recent observational studies, however, suggest that occurrence characteristics may depend some extent on state components, implying WWBs, which force modulated by itself. Satellite situ...
This study examines primary mechanisms that gave rise to the basin‐wide variations of sea surface temperature (SST) in Indian Ocean during 1997–98 El Niño by using multi‐source data sets. The evolution some key atmosphere‐ocean variables indicated SST variability was largely attributable ENSO impact on large‐scale atmospheric circulation. During June‐December 1997, when Pacific maturing, experienced reversal Walker Circulation and prolonged equatorward displacement southeast trades....
[1] Ocean evaporation (E) and precipitation (P) are the fundamental components of global water cycle. They also freshwater flux forcing (i.e., E-P) for open ocean salinity. The apparent connection between salinity cycle leads to proposition using oceans as a rain gauge. However, exact relationship E-P is governed by complex upper dynamics, which may complicate inference from observations. To gain better understanding gauge concept, here we address issue how related on seasonal timescales. A...
Abstract Global estimates of oceanic evaporation (Evp) from 1958 to 2005 have been recently developed by the Objectively Analyzed Air–Sea Fluxes (OAFlux) project at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). The nearly 50-yr time series shows that decadal change global is marked a distinct transition downward trend an upward around 1977–78. Since transition, Evp has up about 11 cm yr−1 (∼10%), low 103 in 1977 peak 114 2003. increase was most dramatic during 1990s. uncertainty ±2.74 yr−1....
We present the hypothesis that remote forcing is one of mechanisms determine semiannual reversal upper ocean circulation in Bay Bengal. A simple reduced‐gravity oceanic model used to explain hypothesis. Three numerical experiments have been performed compare responses a forcing, local and combined forcing. It found long Rossby waves excited by remotely forced Kelvin contribute substantially variability circulation. This research indicates equatorial are major factors determining eastern Indian Ocean.
Abstract Remote sensing of salinity using satellite-mounted microwave radiometers provides new perspectives for studying ocean dynamics and the global hydrological cycle. Calibration validation these measurements is challenging because satellite in situ methods measure differently. Microwave top few centimeters ocean, whereas most observations are reported below a depth meters. Additionally, satellites as spatial average over an area about 100 × km2. In contrast, sensors provide pointwise at...
Cyclone Nargis (Figure 1a) made landfall in Myanmar (formerly Burma) on 2 May 2008 with sustained winds of approximately 210 kilometers per hour, equivalent to a category 3–4 hurricane. In addition, brought 600 millimeters rain and storm surge meters the low‐lying densely populated Irrawaddy River delta. its wake, left an estimated 130,000 dead or missing more than $10 billion economic losses. It was worst natural disaster strike Indian Ocean region since 26 December 2004 tsunami recorded...
Abstract The Indian Ocean Observing System (IndOOS), established in 2006, is a multinational network of sustained oceanic measurements that underpin understanding and forecasting weather climate for the region beyond. Almost one-third humanity lives around Ocean, many countries dependent on fisheries rain-fed agriculture are vulnerable to variability extremes. alone has absorbed quarter global heat uptake over last two decades fate this its impact future change unknown. Climate models...
ABSTRACT Life on Earth vitally depends the availability of water. Human pressure freshwater resources is increasing, as human exposure to weather-related extremes (droughts, storms, floods) caused by climate change. Understanding these changes pivotal for developing mitigation and adaptation strategies. The Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) defines a suite essential variables (ECVs), many related water cycle, required systematically monitor Earth’s system. Since long-term observations...
Abstract. Over the past decade, our understanding of Indian Ocean has advanced through concerted efforts toward measuring ocean circulation and air–sea exchanges, detecting changes in water masses, linking physical processes to ecologically important variables. New pathways mechanisms have been discovered that control atmospheric oceanic mean state variability. This review brings together new ocean–atmosphere system since last comprehensive review, describing patterns, interactions, climate...
ABSTRACT Understanding how the ocean provides memory for maintaining decadal to multidecadal variability is key climate prediction. An important question what process could provide observed significant time lag between Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic Multidecadal (AMO). Here, we show that Ocean store anomalies within subtropical recirculation gyre a duration, providing ‘seeding’ link AMO PDO. The AMO-induced temperature in Northwestern are subducted into thermocline...
Abstract Coherent, large-scale shifts in the paths of Gulf Stream (GS) and Kuroshio Extension (KE) occur on interannual to decadal time scales. Attention has usually been drawn causes for these overlying atmosphere, with some built-in delay up a few years resulting from propagation wind-forced variability within ocean. However, latitudes separated western boundary currents can cause substantial changes SST, which may influence synoptic atmospheric little or no delay. Various measures...
Abstract This study investigated the accuracy and physical representation of air–sea surface heat flux estimates for Indian Ocean on annual, seasonal, interannual time scales. Six products were analyzed, including newly developed latent sensible fluxes from Objectively Analyzed Air–Sea Heat Fluxes (OAFlux) project net shortwave longwave radiation results International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), analysis Southampton Oceanography Centre (SOC), National Centers Environmental...
The Indian Ocean is warming faster than any of the global oceans and its climate uniquely driven by presence a landmass at low latitudes, which causes monsoonal winds reversing currents. food, water energy security in rim countries islands are intrinsically tied to climate, with marine environmental goods services, as well trade within basin, underpinning their economies. Hence, there range societal needs for observation arising from influence regional phenomena change on, instance,...
The air-sea interface is a key gateway in the Earth system. It where atmosphere sets ocean motion, climate/weather relevant processes occur and pollutants (i.e., plastic, anthropogenic carbon dioxide, radioactive/chemical waste) enter sea. Hence, accurate estimates forecasts of physical biogeochemical at this are critical for sustainable blue economy planning, growth disaster mitigation. Such rely on integrated in-situ satellite surface observations. High-impact uses ocean-surface...