A5075569536- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging
- Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
- Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques
- Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
- Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Applications
- Medical Imaging and Pathology Studies
- Digital Radiography and Breast Imaging
- Medical Image Segmentation Techniques
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- CAR-T cell therapy research
- Advanced Topics in Algebra
- Algebraic structures and combinatorial models
- Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Virus-based gene therapy research
University College London
2016-2025
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
1996-2024
Chinese University of Hong Kong
2024
Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen
2024
University of Bremen
2024
University College Hospital
2015-2023
University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
2023
Numerical Algorithms Group (United Kingdom)
2012-2022
Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging
2022
Institute of Nuclear Physics
2022
The aim of this study was to investigate whether dendritic cells (DCs) can induce sensitization aeroallergen in a mouse model allergic asthma. Ovalbumin-pulsed (OVA-pulsed) or unpulsed myeloid DCs that were injected into the airways naive mice migrated mediastinal lymph nodes. When challenged 2 weeks later with an aerosol OVA, activated CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils recruited lungs actively immunized mice. These CD4+ lymphocytes produced predominantly IL-4 IL-5 but also...
Increases in eosinophil numbers are associated with infection and allergic diseases, including asthma, but there is also evidence that eosinophils contribute to homeostatic immune processes. In mice, the normal lung contains resident (rEos), their function has not been characterized. Here, we have reported steady-state pulmonary rEos IL-5–independent parenchymal Siglec-FintCD62L+CD101lo cells a ring-shaped nucleus. During house dust mite–induced airway allergy, features remained unchanged,...
We present a new version of STIR (Software for Tomographic Image Reconstruction), an open source object-oriented library implemented in C++ 3D positron emission tomography reconstruction. This has been designed such that it can be used many algorithms and scanner geometries, while being portable to various computing platforms. second release enhances its flexibility modular design includes additional features as Compton scatter simulation, iterative reconstruction algorithm parametric image...
Attenuation correction is an essential requirement for quantification of positron emission tomography (PET) data. In PET/CT acquisition systems, attenuation maps are derived from computed (CT) images. However, in hybrid PET/MR scanners, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images do not directly provide a patient-specific map. The aim the proposed work to improve scanners by generating synthetic CTs and maps. generated through multi-atlas information propagation scheme, locally matching...
Mutant isoforms of the KIT or PDGF receptors expressed by gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are considered therapeutic targets for STI571 (imatinib mesylate; Gleevec), a specific inhibitor these tyrosine kinase receptors. Case reports clinical efficacy Gleevec in GISTs lacking typical receptor mutations prompted search an alternate mode action. Here we show that can act on host DCs to promote NK cell activation. DC-mediated activation was triggered vitro and vivo treatment with as well...
Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is often accompanied by a pattern of executive deficits similar to those found in patients with frontal lobe lesions. We investigated whether such cognitive are attributable dysfunction as direct consequence impaired mesocortical dopaminergic transmission or an indirect nigrostriatal function. For this purpose, changes synaptic dopamine levels during task performance were monitored using marker D2-receptor availability 11C-raclopride (RAC) PET. During RAC...
A general purpose Mathematica™ package for computing Operator Product Expansions of composite operators in meromorphic conformal field theory is described. Given the OPEs a set “basic” fields, arbitrarily complicated composites can be computed automatically. Normal ordered products are always reduced to standard form. Two explicit examples presented: anomaly superstrings and free realization [Formula: see text] Kač-Moody-algebra.
Positron emission tomography (PET) images are degraded by a phenomenon known as the partial volume effect (PVE). Approaches have been developed to reduce PVEs, typically through utilisation of structural information provided other imaging modalities such MRI or CT. These methods, correction (PVC) techniques, PVEs compensating for effects scanner resolution, thereby improving quantitative accuracy. The PETPVC toolbox described in this paper comprises suite both classic and more recent...
Recent advances in technology have enabled the combination of positron emission tomography (PET) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These PET-MRI scanners simultaneously acquire functional PET and anatomical or MRI data. As function anatomy are not independent one another images to be reconstructed likely shared structures. We aim exploit this inherent structural similarity by reconstructing from both modalities a joint reconstruction framework. The between two can modelled different...
The interest in positron emission tomography (PET) and particularly hybrid integrated PET/CT systems has significantly increased the last few years due to improved quality of obtained images. Nevertheless, one most important limits PET imaging technique is still its poor spatial resolution several physical factors originating both at (e.g. range, photon non-collinearity) detection levels scatter inside scintillating crystals, finite dimensions crystals depth interaction). To improve images,...
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) play a role in the pathogenesis idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Omipalisib (GSK2126458) is potent inhibitor PI3K/mTOR. A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, repeat dose escalation, experimental medicine study omipalisib subjects with IPF was conducted ( NCT01725139 ) to test safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamics. dosed at 0.25 mg, 1 mg 2 twice daily for 8 days four cohorts...
The combination of positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers unique possibilities. In this paper we aim to exploit the high spatial resolution MRI enhance reconstruction simultaneously acquired PET data. We propose a new prior incorporate structural side information into maximum posteriori reconstruction. combines strengths previously proposed priors for same problem: it is very efficient in guiding at edges available from reduces locally edge-preserving...
Score-based generative models have demonstrated highly promising results for medical image reconstruction tasks in magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography. However, their application to Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is still largely unexplored. PET involves a variety of challenges, including Poisson noise with high variance and wide dynamic range. To address these we propose several PET-specific adaptations score-based models. The proposed framework developed both 2D 3D PET....
Movement degrades image quality in PET/CT. The first step correcting for movement is to gate the data into different motion states. gating usually based on information from external devices, such as chest position respiratory movement, or an ECG signal cardiac gating. Various groups have proposed methods extract a out of PET and/or CT data. Most these are slow require prior (and associated tuning parameters). Here we propose and evaluate method that uses well-known technique analysis called...
Purpose: To minimize respiratory motion artifacts, this work proposes quiescent period gating (QPG) methods that extract PET data from the end‐expiration and form a single frame with reduced improved signal‐to‐noise properties. Methods: Two QPG are proposed evaluated. Histogram‐based (H‐QPG) extracts fraction of determined by window displacement signal histogram. Cycle‐based (C‐QPG) below specified threshold maximum amplitude each individual cycle. Performances both were compared to ungated...
In dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) studies, the time changing activity of radiotracer is measured through multiple consecutive frames. Subsequent pixel-by-pixel application appropriate kinetic model provides quantitative information in terms images distribution physiological parameter interest. this context, iterative reconstruction methods may be used to reconstruct for each frame a static image appreciable higher quality than analytical algorithms, especially low-count cases....
Respiratory motion during PET acquisition may lead to blurring in resulting images and underestimation of uptake parameters. The advent integrated PET/MR scanners allows us exploit the integration modalities, using high spatial resolution high-contrast MR monitor correct degraded by motion. We proposed a practical, anatomy-independent MR-based correction strategy for data affected respiratory showed that it can improve image quality both acquired simultaneously motion-capturing up 1 h...
There is a lack of prognostic biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients. The objective this study to investigate the potential 18F-FDG-PET/ CT predict mortality IPF.A total 113 IPF patients (93 males, 20 females, mean age ± SD: 70 9 years) were prospectively recruited for 18F-FDG-PET/CT. overall maximum uptake 18F-FDG (SUVmax), minimum or background lung activity (SUVmin), and target-to-background (SUVmax/ SUVmin) ratio (TBR) quantified using routine region-of-interest...
We present the Core Imaging Library (CIL), an open-source Python framework for tomographic imaging with particular emphasis on reconstruction of challenging datasets. Conventional filtered back-projection tends to be insufficient highly noisy, incomplete, non-standard or multi-channel data arising example in dynamic, spectral and situ tomography. CIL provides extensive modular optimization prototyping methods including sparsity total variation regularization, as well tools loading,...
In this article, we introduce, a novel open-source framework designed for efficient parallel computation of projections in tomography leveraging either multiple CPU cores or GPUs. This efficiently implements forward and back projection functions both sinogram listmode data, utilizing Joseph's method, which is further extended to encompass time-of-flight (TOF) PET projections. Our evaluation involves series tests focusing on image reconstruction using data sourced from state-of-the-art...