BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE. Peer norms influence the adoption of behavior changes to reduce risk for HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection. By experimentally intervening at a community level modify norms, it may be possible promote generalized reductions in practices within population. METHODS. We trained persons reliably identified as popular opinion leaders among gay men small city serve change endorsers their peers. The acquired social skills making these endorsements and complied...

Abstract Sensation seeking, the propensity to prefer exciting, optimal, and novel stimulation or arousal, is a potential mediating factor in sexual risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV), cause of acquired syndrome (AIDS). However, most widely used measure sensation Seeking Scale (Zuckerman, Kolin, Price, & Zoob. 1964). contains numerous culturally outdated items that do not pertain behavior, this study, 106 homosexually active men completed newly developed measures seeking...

OBJECTIVES. It is critical to extend community-level acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention efforts beyond education alone and develop models that better encourage behavioral changes. Gay men in small cities are vulnerable human virus (HIV) infection due continued high rates of risk behavior. This research introduced an intervention trained popular people serve as change endorsers peers sequentially across three different cities. METHODS. Populationwide surveys were conducted...

A series of community-level trials undertaken in the United States over past 10 years established effectiveness an HIV prevention intervention that systematically identifies, recruits, trains, and engages popular opinion leaders (POLs) a population to serve as behaviour change endorsers. Recently, several investigators reported unsuccessful attempts implement peer education programmes for men who have sex with Kingdom raised questions about whether peer-based are effective or feasible....

Behavior change can curtail the spread of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this study, 104 gay men with a history frequent AIDS high-risk behavior completed self-report, self-monitoring, and behavioral measures related to risk. The sample was randomly divided into experimental waiting-list control groups. intervention provided risk education, cognitive-behavioral self-management training, sexual assertion attention development steady self-affirming social supports. Experimental...

A randomly selected sample of physicians in three large cities was asked to read one four vignettes describing a patient. They then completed set objective attitude measures eliciting their reactions the patient described vignette. The were identical except that patient's illness identified as either acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or leukemia and sexual preference heterosexual homosexual. Harsh judgements associated with AIDS portrayals, well much less willingness interact even...

People living with HIV disease, particularly those in small towns and rural areas, face many barriers that prevent them from receiving important life-care services. We developed the Barriers to Care Scale (BACS) delineate problem severity of factors impede care service provision among a sample 226 men women disease single midwestern state. Both urban respondents indicated major services included lack knowledge about citizens community, insufficient personal financial resources, employment...

Although many studies have documented patterns of emotional distress in persons with HIV disease, there been few controlled evaluations therapy outcomes these individuals. This research evaluated the effects brief cognitive-behavioral or social support group this population.Sixty-eight depressed men infection were randomly assigned to one three conditions: eight-session groups, a comparison condition. Before and after intervention at 3-month follow-up, all participants individually assessed...

OBJECTIVE. This study reports the results of a behavior change intervention offered to women at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection seen in an urban primary health care clinic. METHODS. Participants were 197 randomly assigned either HIV/acquired syndrome (AIDS) reduction group or comparison group. Women HIV/AIDS attended five sessions focusing on education; skills training condom use, sexual assertiveness, problem solving, and trigger self-management; peer support...

Chronic mentally ill adults have been found to be at risk for HIV infection. The authors investigated the prevalence of behaviors among psychiatric outpatients. Correlates factors and characteristics patient relationships in which occurred were investigated.Structured interviews conducted with 95 chronic from urban community support service programs. focused on sexual substance use behavior, history behaviors, relationship related risk.The study showed that 27% all patients had two or more...

AIDS service organizations (ASOs) rarely have access to the information needed implement research-based HIV prevention interventions for their clients. We compared effectiveness of 3 dissemination strategies transferring models from research arena community providers services.Interviews were conducted with directors 74 ASOs assess current services. randomized programs that provided (1) technical assistance manuals describing how interventions, (2) plus a staff training workshop on conduct...

Great advances have been made over the past decade in behavioral research on how to help persons avoid contracting HIV infections (primary prevention) and reduce or alleviate adverse consequences among who are living with disease (secondary prevention). Within primary prevention areas, has shown effectiveness of risk-reduction interventions undertaken individuals, couples, small groups, communities, at a social policy/structural level. Advances medical care also created important new...

Background: Advances in the treatment of HIV disease with protease inhibitor combination therapies have been widely documented media. Objectives: To investigate perceptions concerning severity HIV/AIDS and need to maintain safer sex practices light recent advances. Methods: A survey eliciting demographic characteristics, serostatus information, was administered a community sample 379 homo-/bisexual men who reported awareness therapy regimens. Results: Ten per cent all respondents agreed or...

There is growing concern that chronic mentally ill adults living in the community have a high risk for HIV infection. The purpose of this study was to identify knowledge, high-risk behaviors, and risk-related encounters psychiatric outpatients.Detailed information on behaviors situations during past 12 months collected from 60 outpatients appearing regular visits at inner-city mental health clinics.Of outpatients, 37 (62%) had been sexually active year, 42% men 19% women reported multiple...

More than 60,000 women in the United States have been diagnosed with AIDS, and millions of worldwide are infected HIV. Most these will die at an early age, leaving their children motherless. During HIV illness, confront challenge being both patient family caregiver. Little research has explored this dual challenge. The authors conducted semistructured one-hour interviews HIV-positive that focused on impact diagnosis women's lives. Significant factors emerging from included stigma associated...