Ability of biomass-burning smoke particles to glaciate clouds increases as the plume undergoes atmospheric dilution and aging.

Ice nucleation and the resulting cloud glaciation are significant atmospheric processes that affect evolution of clouds their properties including radiative forcing precipitation, yet sources ice nucleants poorly constrained. Heterogeneous caused by ice-nucleating particles (INPs) enables at temperatures above homogeneous freezing regime starts near -35 °C. Biomass burning is a global source highly variable understood INPs. The nature these INPs how they relate to fuel composition its...

The oxidation of alkyl-substituted aromatic molecules produces oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) and secondary aerosols (SOA) that are major components ambient urban air. Despite their ubiquity, the impacts variable conditions, such as relative humidity (RH) actinic exposure, on physicochemical processes contribute to SOA formation still subject ongoing research refinement. In this work, we perform laboratory environmental chamber experiments use an I– FIGAERO–CIMS examine...

Chlorine-initiated oxidation of alkanes has been shown to rapidly form secondary organic aerosol (SOA) at higher yields than OH–alkane reactions. However, the effects alkane volatile compound precursor structure and reasons for differences in SOA yield from reactions remain unclear. In this work, we investigated molecular on by chlorine radical (Cl) resulting formation through a series laboratory chamber experiments, utilizing data an iodide chemical ionization mass spectrometer speciation...

The morphology and composition of laboratory-generated biomass-burning aerosol (BBA) bottom ash particles from authentic fuels were determined using transmission scanning electron microscopies (TEM/SEM) single-particle inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry (sp-ICP-ToF-MS). BBA with mineral material identified through elemental analysis SEM represented 3–25% the individual particle numbers analyzed. This percentage varied depending on fuel, grass containing more than...

Commonly used disinfectants based on quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) can emit a variety of VOCs during application with some the derived from QACs and their synthetic process.

Growth in unconventional oil and gas development (UOGD) the United States has increased airborne emissions, raising environmental human health concerns. To assess potential impacts on air quality, we deployed instrumentation Karnes City, Texas, a rural area middle of Eagle Ford Shale. We measured several episodes elevated Cl2 levels, reaching maximum hourly averages 800 ppt, highest inland concentration reported to date. Concentrations peak during day, suggesting strong local source (given...

Inorganic salts are a significant component of biomass-burning aerosol (BBA) and have inconsistently been observed to undergo chemical reactions with strong acids other reactants during atmospheric aging, altering particle hygroscopicity further reactivity while also liberating reactive halides such as ClNO2(g) HCl(g) recycling or removing nitrogen oxides. The condensation organic carbon BBA coemitted by wildfires biomass combustion processes can affect trace gases. These coatings along...

The mineralogical and immersion-mode freezing properties of volcanic ashes from three volcanoes, Volcán de Fuego Santiaguito in Guatemala, Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, were examined. All (sieved to <37 μm) contained effective ice nuclei, typically over the temperature range −12 −25 °C possessing active site densities (ns) spanning ∼10 1 10 5 cm–2 this range. high activity was determined likely originate pyroxene minerals, nucleation minerals are also reported here for first time...

Air quality on board the International Space Station (ISS) is a significant concern for long-term health of astronauts living station. Aerosolized particles are generated from variety sources, such as on-board equipment, electronics, and themselves. Airborne can remain suspended amounts time due to absence gravitational settling. In this work, we examine particulate matter ISS through scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) single-particle...

Volcanic ash nucleates ice when immersed in supercooled water droplets, giving it the potential to influence weather and climate from local global scales. This nucleation activity (INA) is likely derived a subset of crystalline mineral phases ash. The INA other mineral-based dusts can change exposed various gaseous aqueous chemical species, many which also interact with volcanic eruption plume atmosphere. However, effects aging on have not been explored. We show that two mineralogically...

Mask wearing and bleach disinfectants became commonplace during the COVID-19 pandemic. Bleach generates toxic species including hypochlorous acid (HOCl), chlorine (Cl2), chloramines. Their reaction with organic can generate additional compounds. To understand interactions between masks disinfection, was injected into a ventilated chamber containing manikin breathing system surgical or KN95 mask. Concentrations inside behind mask were measured by chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS)...

N2O5 and ClNO2, important oxidant reservoirs, were recently demonstrated to be produced in simulated nocturnal aging of biomass-burning smoke. However, the heterogeneous kinetics N2O5(g) reactive uptake, γ(N2O5), ClNO2(g) product yields, φ(ClNO2), are still under investigation. Our previous experiments on aerosol (BBA) revealed unexpectedly low consistent reaction probabilities despite often large chloride mass fractions. This could explained by inaccessibility due lack salt deliquescence or...

Transportation emissions of aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylenes evolve in the atmosphere due to radical oxidation and can form a variety products, including secondary organic aerosol (SOA).

Modern disinfection methods increasingly utilize droplet dispersal as a means of delivering disinfectant within an indoor space. Such application produces droplets over wide size ranges, some which may remain airborne for minutes to hours while serving small reaction environments. We report here the formation chlorophenolic byproducts (DBPs) during injection bleach microdroplets into environmental chamber. These reactions are driven by phenol dissolution and availability, observed DBPs span...

A rise in the disinfection of spaces occurred as a result COVID-19 pandemic well an increase people wearing facial coverings. Hydrogen peroxide was among recommended disinfectants for use against virus. Previous studies have investigated emissions hydrogen associated with and masks; however, those did not focus on emitted byproducts from these processes. Here, we simulate indoor space H