Zero-dose prevalence refers to children who failed receive any routine vaccination. Little is known about the "immunisation cascade" in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), defined as how move from zero dose full immunisation. Using data national surveys carried out 92 LMICs since 2010 focusing on four basic vaccines delivered infancy (BCG, polio, DPT MCV), we describe zero-dose immunisation cascade aged 12 23 months. We also most frequent combinations of (or co-coverage) among are...

To help provide a global understanding of the role gender-related barriers to vaccination, we have used broad measure women's empowerment and explored its association with prevalence zero-dose children aged 12-23 months across many low- middle-income countries, using data from standardized national household surveys.We Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) 50 countries information on both child immunisation. Zero-dose was operationally defined as proportion who failed receive any doses...

Background: College students are susceptible to using cognitive enhancement drugs, also known as smart drugs. Objectives: estimate the prevalence of drug use and investigate factors related access among undergraduate students. Methods: cross-sectional study performed all who entered university in 2017 an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire. Smart usage was defined taking methylphenidate, modafinil or piracetam at any point life preceding 12 months. We characterized means obtaining...

Reducing vaccination inequalities is a key goal of the Immunization Agenda 2030. Our main objective was to identify high-risk groups children who received no vaccines (zero-dose children). A decision tree approach used for 92 low- and middle-income countries using data from Demographic Health Surveys Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, allowing identification aged 12-23 months at high risk being zero dose (no doses four basic vaccines-BCG, polio, DPT measles). Three were identified in...

The literature on the association between religion and immunization coverage is scant, mostly consisting of single-country studies. Analyses in low middle-income countries (LMICs) to assess whether proportions zero-dose children vary according remains necessary better understand non-socioeconomic barriers inform interventions that target children. We included 66 LMICs with standardized national surveys carried out since 2010, information vaccination. proportion who failed receive any doses a...

Coverage of health interventions usually shows social gradients with higher levels among wealthy than poor individuals. Owing to the upsurge vaccine hesitancy in high-income countries, authors hypothesized that gradient may also be changing over time low- and middle-income countries set out test this hypothesis.In January 2020, surveys conducted from 2010 2018 86 were analyzed assess full immunization coverage children aged 12-23 months. The calculated point estimates 95% CIs for each...

Unvaccinated children may live in households with limited access to other primary health care (PHC) services, and routine vaccination services provide the opportunity bring caregivers into contact system. We aimed investigate overlap between not being vaccinated failing receive PHC low- middle-income countries (LMICs).Using Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) Multiple Indicator Cluster (MICS) data 2010-2019 from 92 LMICs, we analysed six indicators based on bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), polio,...

Despite advances in scaling up new vaccines low- and middle-income countries, the global number of unvaccinated children has remained high over past decade. We used 2000-2019 household survey data from 154 surveys representing 89 countries to assess within-country, economic-related inequality prevalence one-year-old with zero doses diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine. Zero-dose DTP were disaggregated by wealth quintile. Difference, ratio, slope index inequality, concentration index,...

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) recommend stratification of health indicators by ethnic group, yet there are few studies that have assessed if disparities in childhood immunisation low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).

The concept of multiple deprivation recognizes that the same individuals, households, and communities are often exposed to several forms scarcity. We assessed whether lack immunization is also associated with nutritional, environmental, educational outcomes. analyzed data from nationally representative surveys 80 low- middle-income countries information on no-DPT (children aged 12–23 months without any doses a diphtheria, pertussis tetanus containing vaccine), stunting, wasting, maternal...

Identification of unvaccinated children is important for preventing deaths due to infections. Number siblings and birth order have been postulated as risk factors zero-dose prevalence.

Gender-related barriers to immunization are key targets improve coverage and equity. We used individual-level demographic health survey data from 52 low- middle-income countries examine the relationship between women's social independence (measured by Survey-based Women's emPowERment (SWPER) Global Index) childhood immunization. The primary outcome was receipt of three doses diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP3) among children aged 12-35 months; we secondarily examined failure receive...

Urban children are more likely to be vaccinated than rural children, but that advantage is not evenly distributed. Children living in poor urban areas face unique challenges, far from health facilities and with lower-quality services, which can impact their access life-saving vaccines. Our goal was compare the prevalence of zero-dose non-poor low- middle-income countries (LMICs). Zero-dose were those who failed receive any dose a diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) containing vaccine. We used...

Um dos desafios causados pela pandemia da covid-19 foi o provimento de leitos hospitalares para enfrentamento doença e evitar sobrecarga do sistema saúde. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a plataforma projeção desenhada auxiliar prefeitura município Pelotas, Rio Grande Sul, definir número máximo UTI necessário no pico epidemia município. Empregou-se modelo epidemiológico SEIR adaptado com processo estocástico os parâmetros dinâmica transmissão. A construída dentro uma Aplicação Shiny...

Substantial progress in maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination has been made the past 40 years, with dramatic reductions incidence mortality. However, twelve countries have still not achieved elimination, many that do meet key sustainability thresholds to ensure long-lasting elimination. As is a vaccine-preventable disease (with coverage of infant conferred by immunization during prior pregnancy), metric for monitoring towards, equity in, In this study, we examine inequalities protection...

Although ethnicity is a key social determinant of health, there are no global analyses aimed at identifying countries that succeeded in reducing ethnic gaps child health and nutrition.

Abstract Background The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) recommend stratification of health indicators by ethnic group, yet there are few studies that have assessed if disparities in childhood immunisation low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods We identified 64 LMICs with standardized national surveys carried out since 2010, which provided information on ethnicity or a proxy variable vaccine coverage; 339 groups across the were after excluding those fewer than 50 children...

We aimed to assess the validity of maternal recall exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at 3 months obtained 12 after childbirth.A population-based birth cohort study. The gold standard is report EBF age (yes or no) and introduction other foods in infant's diet. was considered when mother reported that no liquid, semi-solid solid food introduced up moment. variable be validated childbirth asked about introduction. prevalence months, sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) negative predictive...

Immunization is one of the main interventions responsible for decline in under-5 mortality. This study aimed to assess full immunization coverage trends and related inequalities, according wealth, area residence, subnational regions, maternal schooling level Guinea-Bissau. Data from 2006, 2014, 2018 Guinea-Bissau Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) were analyzed. The slope index inequality (SII) was estimated by logistic regression wealth quintiles as a measure absolute inequality. A...

Abstract Introduction Home-based records (HBR) are widely used for recording health information including child immunizations. We studied levels and inequalities in HBR ownership low- middle-income countries (LMICs) using data from national surveys conducted since 2010. Methods 465,060 children aged 6-35 months 82 LMICs were classified into four categories: seen by the interviewer; never had an HBR; that was lost; reportedly have not interviewer. Inequalities according to age, sex, household...

As part of the Immunisation Agenda 2030, World Health Organization set a goal to reduce number children who did not receive any routine vaccine by 50% 2030. We aimed describe patterns vaccines received for with zero, one, and up full vaccination, while considering newly deployed (pneumococcal conjugate (PCV) rotavirus (ROTA) vaccine) alongside longstanding ones such as Bacille Calmete-Guérin (BCG), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DPT), poliomyelitis vaccines, measles-containing (MCVs).

Introduction Home-based records (HBRs) are widely used for recording health information including child immunisations. We studied levels and inequalities in HBR ownership low-income middle-income countries (LMICs) using data from national surveys conducted since 2010. Methods household (Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) Multiple Indicator Cluster (MICS)) 82 LMICs. 465 060 children aged 6–35 months were classified into four categories: seen by the interviewer; mother/caregiver never had an...

Background: Identification of zero-dose children, or those who fail to receive any vaccines, is important for preventing deaths due infectious diseases. Family size and birth order have been postulated as risk factors low immunization coverage.Methods: We used nationally representative surveys from 94 middle-income countries with information on status children aged 12-35 months study prevalence, defined failure doses DPT (diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus) vaccine. examined associations the...