Potential-dependent structure and dynamics of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ([BMIM][TFSA]) on an Au electrode have been investigated by using surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS). In situ, real-time IR measurements during potential scans enable us to probe a hysteretic exchange reorientation both the cation anion at interface simultaneously owing high selectivity sensitivity SEIRAS. Our experimental results reveal that scans, ion density...

A new type of Ag/AgCl electrodes based on a hydrophobic ionic liquid has been proposed. The electrode consists immersed in or coated with AgCl-saturated liquid, 1-methy-3-octylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C8mim+][C1C1N-]), instead the internal aqueous solution. [C8mim+][C1C1N-] phase plays dual roles, that is, as medium dissolving AgCl and an ionic-liquid-type salt bridge upon contact gelation allows us to prepare coated-wire-type solid-state reference well-defined...

The relaxation of the structure in electrical double layer at ionic liquid|gold interface to steps electrode potential has been studied using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements. SPR angle occurs on order 100 s, which is distinctively slower than RC time constant cell, about 0.1 s. A model considering distribution constants well reproduces curves. positive direction lead two orders magnitude those negative direction. ultraslow and its asymmetry potential-step directions are likely...

We propose a technique of on-site quantitative analysis Zn2+ in aqueous solution based on the combination electrodeposition for preconcentration Zn onto Cu electrode and successive underwater laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (underwater LIBS) surface under electrochemically controlled potential. Zinc emission lines are observed with present concentration 5 ppm. It is roughly estimated that overall sensitivity over 10 000 times higher achieved by preconcentration. Although LIBS suffers...

We investigate the effects of pulse duration on dynamics nascent plasma and bubble induced by laser ablation in water. To examine relationship between without disturbed shot-to-shot fluctuation, we observe images simultaneously using two intensified charge coupled device detectors. successfully during pulsed-irradiation, when size is as small 20 μm. The light-emitting region irradiation seems to exceed boundary case short-pulse (30-ns pulse) irradiation, while significantly smaller than that...

The structure of the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) n-alkanethiols [CH3(CH2)nSH, n=3–11, 13–15, 17] on Au(111) has been studied using broad-bandwidth sum frequency generation spectroscopy. Sum-frequency vibrational spectra show three pronounced CH3 modes for all alkanethiol investigated, indicating that commonly accepted picture alkyl chain long-chain SAMs all-trans conformation applies even to short SAMs. chain-length dependence ratio intensity symmetric mode asymmetric clearly shows...

Ionic liquids composed of a hydrophobic anion, tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (TFPB-), and various aromatic aliphatic ammonium have been prepared. TFPB salts N-octadecylisoquinolinium (C18Iq+) trioctylmethylammonium (TOMA+) show low melting points 31 36 degrees C, respectively, whereas TFPB-based ionic 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium with the alkyl chain length 5-12 lower than 90 C. The [C(18)Iq][TFPB]|water (W) [TOMA][TFPB]|W interfaces polarized potential window (ppw) 0.8 V at...

The presence of ionic multilayers at the free surface an liquid, trioctylmethylammonium bis(nonafluorobutanesulfonyl)amide ([TOMA(+)][C(4)C(4)N(-)]), extending into bulk from to depth approximately 60 A has been probed by x-ray reflectivity measurements. versus momentum transfer (Q) plot shows a broad peak Q 0.4 A(-1), implying layers [TOMA(+)][C(4)C(4)N(-)] surface. analysis using model fittings revealed that least four are formed with interlayer distance 16 A. TOMA(+) and C(4)C(4)N(-)...

Based on molecular dynamics simulations of eight ions (Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+) muscovite mica surfaces in water, we demonstrate that experimental data the surface can be rationalized through a unified picture adsorption structures including hydration structure, cation heights from surface, state stability. These enable us to categorize inner-sphere complex into two different species: an ditrigonal cavity (IS1) top Al (IS2). By considering presence complexes, finding...

Abstract High‐entropy alloys (HEAs) and medium‐entropy (MEAs) are a new class of that attract attention because their mechanical properties. The application such for coating is highly desired; however, the number technologies remains limited. Although electrodeposition expected to be an environmentally friendly energy‐saving technology, neither CrMnFeCoNi HEA nor any its derivatives successfully electrodeposited difficulty in controlling composition alloying Cr, key component, as crystal....

The hydration force is indispensable for understanding short-range interfacial forces in aqueous systems. Perturbation of the structure by ions generates an ion-specific force. Surface-force measurements on calcite surfaces have suggested that Na+ decreases repulsive directly adsorbing surface and disrupting layers. However, influence structural changes remains unclear. We conducted molecular dynamics simulations water films between (104) oil/water interfaces. Ion-specific estimated were...

The facilitated transfer of alkali metal cations (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+) by dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6) across the electrochemically polarizable interface between an aqueous solution (W) and a hydrophobic ionic liquid, N-octadecylisoquinolinium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate ([C18Iq][TFPB]), has been studied using cyclic voltammetry at formed tip micropipet. In voltammograms (CVs), current due to DB18C6 from W [C18Iq][TFPB] can be measured within polarized potential window...

Fluorine-free and hydrophobic room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) composed of the bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (BEHSS) ion, which is known as surface-active anion constituting Aerosol OT®, symmetric tetraalkylammonium ions ((CnH2n+1)4N+; n = 4–8), have been prepared. Physicochemical properties water-saturated RTILs such density, conductivity, viscosity mutual solubility with water (W) measured. The RTIL|W interface polarizable for 5–8 in spite high content, 3.6–8.9 wt% RTILs. width...

We investigate the transfer of dissolved species into plasma during laser ablation in liquid. Laser a Cu target LiCl + NaCl aqueous solutions and emission spectroscopy are performed. Emission lines Li Na atoms observed. Atomic density ratio NLi/NNa estimated from spectra agrees with concentration CLi/CNa solutions. This suggests phase explosion water due to strong interaction between extremely high-temperature matter ablated surrounding water. causes cavitation bubble solution without any...

The interfacial structure at the quaternary ammonium-based ionic liquids(ILs)|gold(Au) electrode interface has been studied using surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS). Four anions, bis(perfluoroalkanesulfonyl)amide (CnCnN–; n = 0, 1, 2, 4), have combined with a ammonium cation, trioctylmethylammonium (N8881+), to investigate influence of perfluoroalkyl chain length anion on behavior cation interface. In addition, effect alkyl cations cationic behavior, we also shorter...

Neutron reflectometry (NR) has been performed at the electrochemical interface between a Nb film and an ionic liquid, trihexyltetradecylphosphonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate ([THTDP+][PFPB–]). THTDP+ PFPB– have large sizes difference in scattering length density, both of which are suitable to sensitively probe potential-dependent structure electric double layer (EDL) electrode liquids using NR. The neutron reflectivity profiles as function momentum transfer shown clear potential...

The effect of the temperature on surface layering ionic liquids has been studied for two liquids, trioctylmethylammonium bis(nonafluorobutanesulfonyl)amide([TOMA(+)][C(4)C(4)N(-)]) and trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(nonafluorobutanesulfonyl)amide ([THTDP(+)][C(4)C(4)N(-)]), using X-ray reflectivity measurements at 285, 300, 315 K. Both [TOMA(+)][C(4)C(4)N(-)] [THTDP(+)][C(4)C(4)N(-)] develop multilayers surface. structure shows little temperature-dependent change, whereas that clearly...

By using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and potential of mean force (PMF) calculations, we studied the stability model acidic oil molecules (C9H19COOH or C9H19COO–) adsorbed on muscovite surfaces in aqueous solution. The are covered by different cations (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+). It was found that Ca2+-covered surface significantly enhances adsorption C9H19COO– with Gibbs energy 1 order magnitude higher than Na+-covered 3 times K+-covered surface. Furthermore, clear evidence Ca2+ K+ cause...

Gold nanofibers have been found to be formed via a heterogeneous electron-transfer reaction at the ionic liquid|water interface. The tips of show dendritic structure and dendrites are bundled except around tips. roles liquid for nanofiber formation discussed.