More than 25% of vehicle kinetic energy can be recycled under urban driving cycles. A single-pedal control strategy for regenerative braking is proposed to further enhance efficiency. Acceleration and deceleration are controlled by a single pedal, which alleviates intensity prompts recovery. Regenerative theoretically analyzed based on the construction system, dynamics, conservation law. The developed considering daily conditions, simulation model established. Typical cycles simulated verify...

Stray current corrosion damage is significant in DC traction power supply system (DTS). collection including stray network (SCCN) and drainage device (SCDD) designed to control the current. A comprehensive integrated calculation model established evaluate And iterative flow algorithm with simplification of DTS proposed. The distribution calculated by multi sections rail reflux model. verified CDEGS simulation. influence on evaluated. result shows that primary mainly affected SCCN resistance...

The dynamic fluctuation of stray current is the main characteristic metro causing harm to surrounding buried metal structures. While establishing equivalent circuit model return system, not only mainline but also depot should be considered. diffusion models DC traction power supply system (DTS) in multi-layer soil medium and massive texture are established. They co-simulated with system. (MTSM) verified by an on-site experiment ground potential distribution. In case study, direct grounding...

In a traction power supply system, the design of substations significantly influences both system’s operational stability and investment costs, while energy management strategy flexible affects overall expenses. This study proposes novel two-stage system optimization method that addresses configuration control parameters substations. The first stage focuses on configuration, including optimal location capacity second stage, substations, particularly droop rate reversible converters, are...

Urban rail transit plays an important role in the rapid economic and social development of China. The integrated storage feedback urban traction power supply system is one strategies for green low-carbon transit. This paper establishes a real-time operation optimization model based on Markov decision process context system. It uses offline training deep reinforcement learning agent to optimize control parameters energy systems reduce consumption system, providing reference energy-saving subways.

Near-unity circular dichroism (CD) with high quality (Q)-factors has wide applications in chiral lasers, modulators, detectors, etc. In this work, we firstly suggest a feasible approach to realize near-unity CD (∼0.94) Q-factor (>2 × 104) supported by toroidal dipole (TD) empowered superchiral quasi-bound states the continuum (BICs) metasurface. Based on intensity, excellent electrical switching is achieved adjusting Fermi energy of graphene High refractive index sensitivity (136.2 nm/RIU)...

For an electric vehicle with independently driven axles, integrated braking control strategy was proposed to coordinate the regenerative and hydraulic braking. The includes three modes, namely hybrid composite mode, parallel mode pure mode. coefficients of distributing force between two motors' were optimised offline, response surfaces related driving state parameters established. Meanwhile, six-sigma method applied deal uncertainty problems for reliability. Additionally, is activated ensure...

In this paper we develop a method to solve evolution equations on Gelfand triples with time-fractional derivative based monotonicity techniques. Applications include deterministic and stochastic quasi-linear partial differential derivatives, including (stochastic) porous media (including the case where Laplace operator is also fractional) $p$-Laplace as special cases.

Aerodynamics of trains running inside tunnels change more significantly in comparison with open air scenarios. It has been confirmed that the lateral vibration as well aerodynamic drag is increased and micro-pressure wave produced at tunnel exit when are passing through tunnels. The aim this article to explore impact a high-speed train on pantograph aerodynamics dynamic behavior pantograph–catenary interaction. forces acting investigated thoroughly by extensive numerical simulations...

This work describes the effects of various synthetic conditions, including reactant ratio, reaction solution, acidity and capping agent on size morphology MOF-74 crystals to understand regulated principle crystals.

The reasons for wear of a wheel to create polygon-shaped on metro trains are analysed in this paper. Analysis data leads the conclusion that it is mainly structural vibration wheelset causes creates wheels. After analysing characteristics structure and vehicle, model considers flexibility established. We then analyse effects flexible deformation vertical force, creepage creep force wheel/rail rolling contact, find main frequency 35.98 Hz. As question how many faces worn displays, we propose...

Energy feedback systems (EFSs) have been widely applied in urban rail transit, and a power flow algorithm energy-saving evaluation of supply with EFSs are studied this paper. First, trains, the reflux system, traction substations modeled, multimode transitions analyzed, including maximum state EFS. Then, modified AC/DC unified for DC which simplified system is proposed, field case study based on multiple train scenario presented to validate algorithm. Furthermore, system-level indexes...

Auditing the energy consumption in urban rail is vital for evaluation and system parameter design. There are multiple ways to audit consumption, but a universal global approach missing. The system-level traction (STEC) proposed. Compared main substation (MSEC), STEC more accurate by eliminating influence of step-down loads based on field test studies. An optimization designing model built, which takes cost as optimal object considering life span feedback (EFS)s. modified salp swarm algorithm...

Design of a solar tracking system with photovoltaic modules involves the relationships between output power and energy consumption system. In this paper, model single axis tracker battery storage an optimal way setting parameters are presented. The factors module efficiency, mechanical sizing electronic controlling considered in procedure modeling, which makes contribution for maximizing minimize tracker.

With the large-scale increasing demand for passenger transportation, alternating current (AC) 25 kV traction power supply system (TPSS) of electrified railway is introduced into construction urban rail transit in China instead direct (DC) TPSS. In order to suppress negative sequence and cancel neutral section at exit substation AC TPSS, a novel integrated (IPSS) based on single-phase static var generator (SVG) proposed, which capacity SVGs can be further reduced. The topology IPSS...

Abstract The bidirectional converter device (BCD) can substitute the substation rectifier and energy feedback system (EFS) by transforming between AC side DC side. However, performance of railway with BCDs as only converters has not been fully understood. A simulation approach is required to evaluate guide design. In this paper, traction power supply considering capacity constraint modelled first, AC/DC calculating algorithm studied. three‐layer double‐loop parameter designing strategy based...

The DC magnetic bias phenomenon in transformers can result increased noise and harmonic components. This study focuses on the generated by stray currents traction power supply system of neutral grounding under multiple train operation conditions. A two-layer soil model is utilized to calculate geodetic potential, with rail potentials from both mainline depot serving as sources for current within model. Two paths intrusion into transformer via network cable armor layer Main substation have...

Abstract In dual traction power supply systems, the overhead catenary system operates in different modes. It passes across AC section, DC and a neutral part, which influences features properties of feedback current aggregates its effects on stray rail potential. This research paper presents an integrated model (TPS), along with unified chain equivalent circuit model, ground wire through insulation joints fixed AC–DC section under operating positions. To make impedance admittance matrix for...