Crop loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat agriculture worldwide. This review provides overview of cellular and physiological mechanisms in plant responses salt. We place a time- tissue-dependent context ...Read More

SurfaceCharges on Seed Oil Bodies 15627are not known to be present in plant cells (27).We have probed the charge properties surface of seed oil bodies.The pH-dependent aggregation bodies, effects external ions this aggregation, and movement bodies by isoelectrofocusing been analyzed.We investigated composition charged lipids bodies.A calculation positive charges oleosins negative phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, free fatty acid has made.We propose a structural model oleosin based an...

Abstract Tapetosomes are abundant organelles in tapetum cells during the active stage of pollen maturation Brassicaceae species. They possess endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–derived vesicles and oleosin-coated lipid droplets, but their overall composition function have not been established. In situ localization analyses developing Brassica napus anthers revealed flavonoids present exclusively cells, first an ER network along with flavonoid-3′-hydroxylase then ER-derived tapetosomes. Flavonoids...

The proteins in the oilseeds of species from 11 families, including sunflower, mustard, linseed, almond, lupin, peanut, cucumber, Brazil nut, hazelnut, yucca, castor bean, and cottonseed were studied. Sucrose gradient centrifugation showed that a substantial proportion total seed protein each migrated with 2S sedimentation coefficient. proteins, being water‐soluble thus termed albumins, comprised 20–60% while faster migrating globulins rest. amino acid compositions characterisitic storage by...

Lysophosphatidyl acyltransferase (LPAT) is a pivotal enzyme controlling the metabolic flow of lysophosphatidic acid into different phosphatidic acids in diverse tissues. We examined putative LPAT genes Arabidopsis thaliana and characterized two related that encode cytoplasmic LPAT. LPAT2 lone gene encodes ubiquitous endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–located It could functionally complement bacterial mutant with defective 3 synthesized recombinant bacteria yeast possessed vitro activity higher on...

Oleosins are unique and major proteins localized on the surface of oil bodies in diverse seed species. We purified five different oleosins (maize [Zea mays L.] KD 16 18, soybean [Glycine max 18 24, rapeseed [Brassica campestris 20), raised chicken antibodies against them. These were used to test for immunological cross-reactivity among from Within same species, one oleosin isoform did not cross-react with other (i.e. between maize 24). However, respective able recognize Where interspecies...

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaf discs accumulated free proline when exposed to polyethylene glycol solutions of water potential less than -10 bars. At -20 bars, the accumulation was 11 micromoles per gram original fresh weight in a 24-hour period.When organelles were separated on sucrose gradient, oxidase detected mitochondrial fraction. Isolated mitochondria used for study properties enzyme which assayed by both oxygen uptake measurement and reduction 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol...

Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are small secretory in plants with defined lipid-binding structures for possible lipid exocytosis. Special groups of LTPs unique to the anther tapetum abundant, but their functions unclear. We studied a special group LTPs, type III Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Their transcripts were restricted tapetum, levels peaking at developmental stage maximal pollen-wall exine synthesis. constructed an LTP-Green Fluorescent Protein (LTP-GFP) plasmid, transformed it...

The authors compared the therapeutic effects of doxorubicin in two formulations: free saline suspension and encapsulated sterically stabilized liposomes composed hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine/2cholesterol/polyethylene glycol-distearoyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (Doxil, Liposome Technology, Inc., Menlo Park, CA).The drug formulations were injected intravenously to treat human prostate carcinoma PC-3, implanted subcutaneously into nude Swiss mice. Confocal laser scan microscopy...

Abstract Lysophosphatidyl acyltransferase (LPAAT) is a pivotal enzyme controlling the metabolic flow of lysophosphatidic acid into different phosphatidic acids in diverse tissues. A search Arabidopsis genome database revealed five genes that could encode LPAAT-like proteins. We identified one them, LPAAT1, to be lone gene encodes plastid LPAAT. LPAAT1 functionally complement bacterial mutant has defective Bacteria transformed with produced LPAAT had vitro activity much higher on...

Proline accumulation by eight major species of salt marsh halophytes was examined under growth chamber and field conditions. When the plants were exposed to increasing salinities in chamber, they accumulated proline after a threshold salinity had been reached. Three general patterns apparent. Limonium carolinianum (Walt.) Britt. Junius roemerianus Scheele began accumulate at 0.25 m NaCl with accumulations up 63.6 μmoles per gram fresh weight higher salinities. The C 4 grasses, Spartina...

Protein bodies from the storage endosperm of dry castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) were isolated by successive nonaqueous linear density gradient centrifugation. The protein lysed addition water, and various structural components organelles separated sucrose matrix remained at top while membrane, crystalloids, globoids migrated to densities 1.15 g/cm(3), 1.30 > 1.46 respectively. was distributed evenly between crystalloids matrix, little present in or membrane.The proteins resolved into...

Microbodies from rat liver and a variety of plant tissues were osmotically shocked subsequently centrifuged at 40,000 g for 30 min to yield supernatant pellet fractions. From microbodies, all the uricase activity but little glycolate oxidase or catalase recovered in pellet, which probably contained crystalline cores as many other reports had shown. All measured enzymes spinach leaf microbodies solubilized. With potato tuber, further sucrose gradient centrifugation yielded fraction density...

Specialized microbodies have previously been isolated and characterized from fatty seedling tissues (glyoxysomes) leaves (leaf peroxisomes). We now examined 11 other plant tissues, including tubers, fruits, roots, shoots, petals, find that all contain particulate catalase, a distinctive common enzyme component of microbodies. On linear sucrose gradients the catalase activity peaks sharply at higher equilibrium density (1.20 to 1.25 gram per cm(3) in various tissues) than mitochondria (1.17...

Plant cells contain subcellular lipid droplets with a triacylglycerol matrix enclosed by layer of phospholipids and the small structural protein oleosin. Oleosins possess conserved central hydrophobic hairpin approximately 72 residues penetrating into droplet amphipathic amino- carboxyl (C)-terminal peptides lying on phospholipid surface. Bioinformatics 1,000 oleosins green algae all plants emphasizing biological implications reveal five oleosin lineages: primitive (in algae, mosses, ferns),...

The monolayer tapetum cells of the maturing flowers Brassica napus contain abundant subcellular globuli-filled plastids and special lipid particles, both enriched with lipids that are supposed to be discharged deposited onto surface adjacent pollen. We separated two organelles by flotation density gradient centrifugation identified them electron microscopy. had a morphology similar those described in other plant species tissues. They an equilibrium 1.02 g/cm 3 contained neutral esters unique...

Summary In Brassica anthers during microsporogenesis, the tapetum cells contain two abundant lipid‐rich organelles, tapetosomes possessing oleosins and triacylglycerols (TAGs), elaioplasts having unique polypeptides neutral esters. B. campestris , for its simplicity of only AA genome one predominant oleosin 45 kDa, was studied. developing anthers, lipids proteins were concomitantly accumulated but selectively degraded or retained. Upon incubation isolated in a pH‐5 medium, kDa underwent...

Background. This study compared the therapeutic effects of doxorubicin hydrochloride in saline and sterically stabilized, long-circulating liposomes composed hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol/polyethylene glycol-distearoyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (Doxil). Methods. The drug formulations were injected intravenously or intraperitoneally to treat human ovarian carcinoma HEY, which was implanted subcutaneously into mature female Swiss nude mice. Results. liposome formulation...