In micro scale energy harvesting devices, end-stops that limit the proof mass motion are inevitable from reliability concerns and can even be exploited as a functional element to achieve broadband response. To investigate how these modelled, both characterization modelling of vibration harvesters with end-stop effects presented in this paper. A Hertz contact model impact force between is analysed compared linear stiffness model. The resulting then included into SPICE an electrostatic...

This article presents a new concept for electrostatic energy harvesting devices that increase output power under displacement limited inertial mass motion at sufficiently large acceleration amplitudes. The is illustrated by two demonstrated prototypes in the same die dimension: reference device with end-stops and an impact movable functioning as slave transducers. Both are analyzed characterized small excitation regimes. We found significant additional from internal force can be harvested...

The maximum output power of energy harvesters driven by harmonic vibrations is well known for a range specific harvester architectures. An architecture-independent bound based on the mechanical input-power also exists and gives strict limit achievable with one degree freedom, but least upper only lossless devices. We report new theoretical vibration that includes parasitic, linear damping while still being architecture independent. This greatly improves previous at moderate force amplitudes...

An electrostatic energy harvester with two-stage transduction is investigated for enhancement of bandwidth and dynamic range. The includes a primary proof mass two main transducers end-stops the functioning as secondary transducers. In small acceleration regime, power primarily obtained from high impacts actuates transducers, generating additional output power. device designed fabricated using SOIMUMPs process has total active area 4 × 5 mm2. Under wideband at levels, experimental results...

We study the assortment optimization problem under general linear constraints, where customer choice behavior is captured by Cross-Nested Logit model. In this problem, there a set of products organized into multiple subsets (or nests), each product can belong to more than one nest. The aim find an offer customers so that expected revenue maximized. show that, model, unconstrained NP-hard even when are only two nests, and generally approximate any constant factors. To tackle challenging we...

This paper explores electrostatic vibration energy harvesters with power electronic interfaces that configure them as Bennet's doubler. We focus on in-plane overlap generators and consider challenges arising from small capacitance variations due to parasitic capacitances the influence of diode parameters, such reverse current p-n junction capacitance, system performance. The average charging initial bias voltage can be estimated simulation results. dependence minimum storage is determined....

This paper presents experiments on how to approach the physical limits power from vibration energy harvesting under displacement-constrained operation. A MEMS electrostatic harvester with voltage-control of system stiffness is used for this purpose. The saturation problem, when proof-mass displacement reaches a maximum amplitude sufficient acceleration amplitude, shifted higher accelerations by use load optimization. In addition, we demonstrate effect varying electromechanical coupling k 2....

This paper presents a device concept for electrostatic resonators utilizing combination of electromechanically softening and mechanically hardening springs in order to improve tuning capability reach low values the resonant frequency. The microscale was designed fabricated SOIMUMPS process with device-layer thickness 25μm an active area 4×5mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Measurements base-excitation demonstrate large...

This paper presents design and simulation of a power electronic interface circuit for MEMS electrostatic energy harvesters. The designed is applicable to highly miniaturized harvesters with small transducer capacitances below 10 pF. It based on comb- drive two anti-phase capacitors that are connected as charge pumps uses flyback-path scheme. Controlled activation deactivation sub-circuits, some by help clocking, were exploited reduce consumption down 1.03 μW. Net generation can be achieved...

This paper presents experimentally verified progress on modeling of MEMS electrostatic energy harvesters with internal impacts transducing end-stops. The two-mechanical-degrees-of-freedom device dynamics are described by a set ordinary differential equations which can be represented an equivalent circuit and solved numerically in the time domain using simulator. model accounts for electromechanical nonlinearities, nonlinear damping upon impact at strong accelerations squeezed-film force...

This paper analyses the possibility of MEMS electrostatic influence machines using electromechanical switches like historical predecessors did two centuries ago. We find that a generator design relying entirely on standard silicon-on-insulator(SOI) micromachining is conceivable and analyze its performance by simulations. The concept appears preferable over comparable diode circuits due to higher maximum energy, faster charging low precharging voltage. A full lumped-model including parasitic...

Summary We present a theoretical analysis of MEMS electrostatic energy harvester configured as Bennet's doubler. The steady‐state operation the circuit can be approximated by rectangular Q‐V cycle in ideal case or trapezoid diagram when electrical losses are taken into account. A similarity between voltage doubler and charge‐pump is highlighted. analytical solution saturation derived, providing more insightful comprehension system performance influence its parameters. results obtained from...

Abstract The primary objective of this work is to investigate the performance a hybrid energy harvesting system consisting piezoelectric and electromagnetic transducers. We first show that single–mechanism generator with negligible electrical losses, referred as an electrically-lossless harvester, can reach theoretical power bound regardless coupling strength between mechanical domains, which renders use systems unnecessary. For more realistic analysis, electrically parasitic losses are then...

This paper presents experiments on how to approach the physical limits power from vibration energy harvesting under displacement-constrained operation. A MEMS electrostatic harvester with voltage-control of system stiffness is used for this purpose. The saturation problem, when proof mass displacement reaches maximum amplitude sufficient acceleration amplitude, shifted higher accelerations by use load optimization and tunable electromechanical coupling k2. Measurement results show that...

This paper investigates the lateral pull-in effect of an in-plane overlap-varying transducer. The instability is induced by translational and rotational displacements. Based on principle virtual work, equilibrium conditions force moment in directions are derived. analytical solutions critical voltage, at which phenomenon occurs, developed when considering only stiffness or mechanical spring. voltage a general case numerically determined using nonlinear optimization techniques, taking into...

An approach for accurate calculation of the capacitance coefficient matrix in electrostatic transducer applications is presented this article. We consider transducers consisting a fixed and moving set metal strips where strong fringing field effects may occur. The method based on an expansion surface charge distribution each finger terms orthogonal functions that capture singularity at edge fingers. analyze errors both due to neglect end truncation series expansion. complexity significantly...

This paper presents a complete analysis to build tool for modelling electret-based vibration energy harvesters. The calculational approach includes all possible effects of fringing fields that may have significant impact on output power. transducer configuration consists two sets metal strip electrodes top substrate faces electret strips deposited bottom movable functioning as proof mass. Charge distribution each is expressed by series expansion using Chebyshev polynomials multiplied...

This work is devoted to demonstration of the analysis on optimizing output power harvested from vibration energy harvester.

This experimental work investigates a technique to further improve performance of vibration energy harvesters under displacement-constrained operation. Previously, device concept based on end-stops acting as additional transducers was developed so that the harvested power can be increased beyond obtained from conventional harvester same size. However, there is range tested acceleration amplitudes in which transducing end- stop performs worse than device. In this paper, an approach using...

We study the assortment optimization problem under general linear constraints, where customer choice behavior is captured by Cross-Nested Logit model. In this problem, there a set of products organized into multiple subsets (or nests), each product can belong to more than one nest. The aim find an offer customers so that expected revenue maximized. show that, model, NP-hard, even without any constraints. To tackle we develop new discretization mechanism approximate fractional program with...

In this study, we present theoretical analysis and numerical results on a simple technique for extracting unknown model parameters MEMS electrostatic energy harvesters. We show that the frequency response can be utilized in least-squares minimization scheme to estimate damping coefficient, mechanical stiffness transducer/load parasitic capacitances. The accuracy of method is tested by application simulated cases linear non-linear A single data sweep from such pseudo-experiment suffices...