ABSTRACT Background and Purpose The primary objective was to compare diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scalar parameters of peripheral nerves between subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) those without diabetes. Secondarily, we aimed correlate DTI nerve morphometric properties. Methods Median, tibial, sural were harvested from 34 male cadavers (17 T2DM, 17 nondiabetic). Each divided into three segments. initial segment scanned using 9.4 Tesla MRI system (three‐dimensional...

Image analysis was used in studying stomatal morphology during acclimatization of tobacco plantlets to ex vitro conditions, 45 d after transfer leaf area 15 times, and total number stomata per four times increased. During density decreased considerably on both sides, compensated by an increase sizes, e.g., length (both guard cells pore). Elongation increased indicating that the originally circular were changed into elliptical ones acclimatized plants.

Recent design-based stereological methods that can be applied to thick sections cut in an arbitrary direction are presented and their implementation for measuring mesophyll anatomical characteristics is introduced. These use software-randomized virtual 3D probes, such as disector fakir test stacks of optical acquired using confocal microscopy. They enable unbiased estimations the mean cell volume, number a needle, first time internal surface area needles or other narrow leaves directly from...

The general microscopic characteristics of nerves are described in several textbooks histology, but the specific microanatomies most that can be blocked by anesthesiologists usually less well known. Our objective was to evaluate 3D reconstruction nerve fascicles from optical projection tomography images (OPT) and ability undertake an internal navigation exploring morphology detail, more specifically fascicular interconnections. Median lingual samples were obtained five euthanized piglets....

A short review of confocal stereology and three-dimensional image analysis is presented, pointing out the achievements accomplished in this field by Department Biomathematics (Institute Physiology, Prague). One methods stereology, fakir method for surface area estimation, developed laboratory, described. Methods automatic measurement geometrical characteristics microscopical structures, based on 3-D processing or triangulation, are discussed compared with interactive stereological methods....

This review presents an historical overview of stereological methods used for the quantitative evaluation plant anatomical and cytological structures. It includes origins these up to most recent developments such as application stereology based on 3D images. We focus especially leaf, vast majority studies microscopic structure examine this organ. An cell ultrastructure measurements well characteristics (e.g. tissue volume density, internal leaf surface area, number mean size mesophyll cells...

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants were cultured in vitro photoautotrophically at three levels of irradiance (PAR 400-700 nm): low (LI, 60 µmol m-2 s-1), middle (MI, 180 s-1) and high (HI, 270 s-1). Anatomy the fourth leaf from bottom was followed during development. In HI MI plants, area expansion started earlier as compared to LI both developed some adaptations sun species: leaves thicker with higher proportion palisade parenchyma spongy tissue. Furthermore, cells larger relative...

P. Skaloud, J. Neustupa, B. Radochova and L. Kubinova. 2005. Confocal microscopy of chloroplast morphology ontogeny in three strains Dictyochloropsis (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta). Phycolo...

The present study was designed to compare the ultrastructure of early endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) derived from rabbit peripheral blood (PB-EPCs) and bone marrow (BM-EPCs). After had been isolated cultivated up passage 3, microphotographs obtained transmission electron microscope were evaluated qualitative quantitative (unbiased stereological approaches) points view. Our results revealed that both cell populations displayed almost identical ultrastructural characteristics represented...

Photosynthetic parameters, growth, and pigment contents were determined during expansion of the fourth leaf in vitro photoautotrophically cultured Nicotiana tabacum L. plants at three irradiances [photosynthetically active radiation (400-700 nm): low, LI 60 µmol m-2 s-1; middle, MI 180 high, HI 270 s-1]. During expansion, several symptoms usually accompanying senescence appeared very early then plants. Symptoms developing leaves were: decreasing chlorophyll (Chl) a+b content Chl a/b ratio,...

Image analysis techniques for preprocessing, segmentation and estimation of geometrical characteristics fiber-like structures from 2-D or 3-D images captured by a confocal microscope are presented. Methods demonstrated on biological structure: endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tobacco cells. In the presented ER before after treatment latrunculin B, tubules were segmented area density as well length in cell cortical layer estimated automatic image algorithms. Images arrangement reconstructed...

Two dominant central European tree species (Fagus sylvatica L. and Picea abies (L.) Karst.), in a mixed culture semi-open glass domes, were used to simulate the reaction of forests long-term elevated CO 2 (EC) mountainous area (Beskydy Mountains, Czech Republic). We investigated effects EC on soluble carbohydrate levels composition. Starch content was evaluated using two methods: biochemical (glucose after enzymatic hydrolysis) stereological (starch grain proportion, size, number...

The main objective of this study was to find out whether the selected chloroplast characteristics measured in mesophyll layer nearest needle surface (i.e., first layer) could be representative for whole cross section. Two sampling approaches were applied on Norway spruce needles during investigation effects different levels air CO2 concentration and irradiance: (i) only from layer, (ii) systematic uniform random (SUR) sampling. were: area, starch grain (iii) areal density median sections,...

Despite the significance of neck muscles in musculoskeletal disorders, their microscopic anatomy remains poorly characterized. This study examined splenius capitis muscle, focusing on its fiber-type composition, fiber size, and capillary network characteristics. For comparison validation, vastus lateralis muscle was also analyzed. Muscle samples from 13 young male subjects (mean age ± SD: 35.7 8.6 years) were collected within 24-h post-mortem during autopsy. Myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform...

The present paper deals with the problem of volume estimation individual objects from a single 2D view. Our main application is pancreatic (Langerhans) islets and view constraint comes time equipment limitations standard clinical procedure.Two approaches are followed in this paper. First, two regression-based methods proposed, using set simple shape descriptors segmented image islet. Second, example-based based on database known volume. For training evaluation, islet volumes were determined...

1. Chick embryos in ovo were treated with a teratogenic dose of 1,2-dibromoethane (DBE) on embryonic day (ED) 3. On ED 6 and 10, histological sections whole prepared for confocal microscopy. In parallel, mesonephroi 10-d-old dissected situ staining acridine orange (AO), fluorescence probe lysosomes. 2. DBE impaired differentiation renal vessels which manifested as delay rearrangement primitive vascular architecture significant reduction the mesonephric vascularisation 10. This was...

Filtration of super-resolved microscopic images brings often troubles with removing undesired image parts like, e.g., noise, inhomogenous background and reconstruction artifacts. Standard filtration techniques, convolution- or Fourier transform-based methods are not always appropriate, since they may lower resolution that was acquired by hi-tech expensive microscopy systems. Thus, in this article it is proposed to filter such using discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Newly developed...

Tobacco plantlets were cultured in vitro under high (200 µmol m-2 s-1) or low (60 irradiance with without saccharose the medium. Light microscopy and image analysis used to evaluate effect of these culture conditions on leaf anatomy. Addition resulted thicker leaves (all layers) larger mesophyll cells both growth irradiances. Various affected anatomy differently when had been cultivated presence absence While thickness number chloroplasts per cell section increased, grown thinner less...

Introduction: The correct islet graft dosing helps predict the transplantation outcome. current quantification methods are based on estimation of volumes individual islets. sizes and shapes heterogeneous. spherical model [1,2] presently used as surrogate marker content insulin secreting cells was challenged grossly inaccurate [3]. Our long-term purpose is to establish an automated tool for quantification. To this end we developing more accurate models predicting well cell islets from...