Detecting fault in a solar photovoltaic (PV) array the presence of protection diodes (bypass and reverse blocking) is complex. This because variations electrical parameters (due to fault) are often not distinguishable from one type another or partial shading. Depending on condition, an open may appear like short-circuit severe shading occasionally be detected as fault. Identifying separating it important former demands immediate attention avoid damage PV modules fire hazard. It observed that...

Partial shading in a solar PV plant is an important concern as it reduces the output power. Dynamic array reconfiguration (DAR) helps reducing impact of partial shading. But, has its own limitations. Further, DAR does not guarantee single peak power-voltage characteristics during It requires sophisticated and costly MPPT controller to track global order extract maximum power from array. In this paper, improved strategy proposed using current injection (CI). This CI-based enhances beyond what...

Rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) installations play a crucial role in advancing PV penetration within distribution systems. Solar plants on rooftops, particularly those without energy storage, emerge as cost-effective alternative when compared to conventional fossil fuel-based generation. However, the proportion of system increases, concerns about voltage swelling arise, especially under lightly loaded conditions. This issue becomes more pronounced underground cable-based systems due their...

When the fault current exceeds its rated value as specified by numerous international standards, conventional Photovoltaic (PV) array protection devices are helpful in detecting Line-Line (LL) and Line-Ground (LG) faults. However, it is seen that a PV string remains below threshold depending on irradiance position of fault. As result, occasionally has problems go unnoticed. An undetected like this manifests reduction power, damages affected module(s) leads to fire hazards. Available...

Inhomogeneous insolation on a solar PV plant due to cloud, nearby construction, tree branches etc. reduces its power output significantly. Further, multiple peaks in power-voltage characteristics of the array are also observed partial shading, which calls for sophisticated and costly MPPT controller make operate at global MPP. However, enhancement using MPP is limited by interconnections. This leaves scope further improvement output. In this work, voltage balancing technique DC-DC converters...

Droop control is used for power sharing among different generating units without using a dedicated communication channel them. In transmission systems, lines are inductive where, real and reactive flow proportional to the angle difference in magnitude of bus voltages, respectively. On other hand, microgrid connected with cables resistive network. Therefore, power-frequency power-voltage (P-F, Q-V) droop system cannot provide desired steady state transient performance an islanded microgrid,...