The review covers the present state of studies urgent open questions concerning nature, kinetics, and limit values hydrogen sorption by carbon nanostructures. These are related to key issues in problem building a electrical automobile. Considered thermodynamic diffusion characteristics micromechanisms processes chemical physical graphite nanomaterials, also various methodological aspects studying optimizing such adsorbents. experimental theoretical prerequisites prospects for developing...

The possibilities of effective solutions relevant technological problems are considered based on the analysis fundamental physical aspects, elucidation micromechanisms and interrelations aging hydrogen embrittlement materials in industry gas-main industries. adverse effects these mechanisms processes have service properties lifetime analyzed. concomitant process formation carbohydride-like other nanosegregation structures at dislocations (with segregation capacity 1 to 1.5 orders magnitude...

The present analytical review is devoted to the current problem of thermodynamic stability and related characteristics following graphene layers systems: 1) double-side hydrogenated composition CH (theoretical graphane) (Sofo et al. 2007) experimental graphane (Elias 2009); 2) theoretical single-side CH; 3) C2H (graphone); 4) epitaxial graphene, bilayer a few on SiO2 or other substrates; 5) single-external side single-walled carbon nanotubes, hydrofullerene C60H36; 6) single-internal (up...

Herein, some fundamental open questions on engineering of "super" hydrogen sorption (storage) in carbonaceous nanomaterials are considered, namely: 1) thermodynamic stability and related characteristics hydrogenated graphene layers nanostructures: relevance to the storage problem; 2) determination hydrides; 3) a treatment interpretation recent STM, STS, HREELS/LEED, PES, ARPS Raman spectroscopy data hydrogensorbtion with epitaxial graphenes; 4) physics intercalation into surface...

The vapour composition and the thermodynamic properties of Cu–Zr alloys in liquid solid states have been studied by Knudsen-cell mass spectrometry over temperature (701–1823 K) (5.1–97.3 mol% Zr) intervals. accessible range has enhanced chemically generating volatile substances directly cell. For this purpose, samples mixed with powdered fluorides magnesium, calcium, sodium or potassium. Reduction reactions occurring cell produced zirconium fluorides, which examined spectrometer. functions...

Results of the experimental and theoretical investigations into hydrogen sorption by various carbon nanostructures, including fullerenes, single-walled multi-walled nanotubes, nanofibres, nanographite nanographite-based composites are surveyed. a thermodynamic analysis most significant data presented. The emphasis is placed on studies reporting extremum parameters. kinetic (diffusion) parameters equations describing processes refined. prospects applications new nanomaterials for storage in...

On the basis of multifactor analysis most representative experimental data on solubility, electrical resistance, and diffusivity hydrogen in palladium specimens with high low dislocation densities, it has been shown that structure, composition, diameter (up to several nm), contribution thermodynamic diffusion characteristics hydride-like segregates at dislocations can vary wide limits depending concentration activity dissolved normal lattice metal. The formation segregation phases occurs...

Empiric evaluations of fundamental characteristics interactions gaseous hydrogen with different kinds graphite and novel carbonaceous nanomaterials revealing the micromechanisms have been carried out. The approaches used were those thermodynamics reversible irreversible processes for analysis adsorption, absorption, diffusion, TPD other experimental data comparing analytical results first-principle calculations. Such a number known theoretical has shown real possibility multilayer specific...

The analytical consideration of some recent experimental and theoretical data on the hydrogen on-board storage problem shows necessity economical expediency carrying out further basic studies initiating a constructive discussion physical key-note aspects ("open questions") sorption by carbon-based nanomaterials: Especially, multilayer intercalation in carbonaceous nanostructures, their relevance for development super-adsorbents fuel-cell-powered vehicles, i.e., materials, which satisfy most...

The nature and characteristics of the way carbon present in steel is distributed spatially over states may be related to quasichemical 'reactions' that lead formation austenite (-Fe–C) ferrite 'carbo-austenite' 'carbo-ferrite molecules' (nanocomplexes) consisting, along with C atoms, of, respectively, -Fe or octahedral - -interstitials. In this way, various aspects dissolution diffusion material can determined, as component martensite transformation (MT) mechanism steels.

Theoretical (thermodynamic) and experimental backgrounds are considered for developing a much simpler, more technological effective method (in comparison with the known megabar compression dynamic static methods) of producing high-density solid molecular ("reversible") hydrogen carrier by means intercalation (at cost association energy) in carbonaceous nanomaterials (between graphane-like layers) at relevant temperatures pressures.As is shown, one processes chemisorption may be related to...

In this work, data of Rodriguez-Baker et al. and some others were analyzed interpreted in relation to the long-term, i.e., about 25 years, problem "super" storage (intercalation) "reversible" (at 300 K) hydrogen (∼38 ± 10 wt.%, atomic ratio (H/C) ≈ 7 3)), along with "irreversible" (∼11 3 wt.% ((H/C) 1.5 0.4)) into graphite nanofibers (GNFs). For a more in-depth study problem, an effective methodology processing analyzing thermal desorption spectra related thermogravimetric was modified used....

It presented a comparative consideration of General Motors long-term activities on the current subject fuel-cell-powered electric vehicles vs Toyota Mirai recent results, relevant to prospects more efficient and safe technologies hydrogen on-board storage. also call project International cooperation. The main aim this paper is attract attention Motors, and/or other large car companies real possibility developing using, in nearest future, break-through storage technology based solid H2...

Specific phase transitions to the compound-like impurity nanosegregation structures at dislocations and grain boundaries in metals their influence on diffusion-assisted processes are considered, mainly, basis of thermodynamic analysis related experimental data. The following systems aspects detail considered: (1) hydride-like hydrogen palladium apparent characteristics solubility diffusivity palladium; (2) physics anomalous diffusion Fe other transition impurities crystalline Al elevated...

This study is devoted to a further development and application of our previous results, including the method kinetic analysis hydrogen thermal desorption spectra (TDS) processes in materials heating with only one rate. As shown this study, from such TDS data, activation energies (Q) per-exponential factors (K0) rate constants (K) can be determined (evaluated enough accuracy) help method, standard deconvolution by "pure" (that's symmetrical) Gaussian curves (peaks), along identification...

Some experimental evidences and the physics (thermodynamics) of nanoscale self-intercalation high-density gaseous molecular hydrogen (ρ ≈ 0.045 g/cm3, T 300 K) into surface nanoclusters in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite epitaxial graphene, as well high density solid 0.5 K, compressed pressure ∼ Mbar) nanofibers are considered, with regard to problem compact efficient on-board storage other clean energy applications. Perspectives further developments these results well.