This paper presents the development and evaluation of a technique (C‐Sketch) for concept generation in collaborative engineering design setting. The reviews both intrinsic merit C‐Sketch, as well relative compared to other techniques same class. analysis is based on results from experiments conducted over five years. Both process outcome were evaluated, with greater emphasis latter. study found that C‐Sketch not only has merit, but also measures higher all outcomes when Method 6‐3‐5. Also,...

Developing objective measures for evaluating and measuring the complexity of design would facilitate (1) empirical studies that require use equivalent but different problems, (2) development curriculums, (3) comparison computer aided automation tools. This paper surveys evaluates approaches to defining in problem, process, product. Three fundamental aspects are identified, size, coupling, solvability, expanded with respect three elements design, Alternative methods these characteristics...

This research examines higher order design structure matrices as requirements change modelling tools to predict requirement propagation through two large-scale industry projects. Due the iterative nature of design, will evolve and change. Changes in can propagate other on different subsystems leading possible increases project cost lead-time. Predicting these changes enables designers foresee unanticipated maximises probability for project's success. These studies reveal that second-order...

How a research team defines their study sample can be decisive in shaping impact on both practice and theory. However, sampling design faces several major challenges, including diverse terminology, limited prior literature, lack of common framework for discussing decisions. We address these challenges by bringing together guidance from across related fields as well cross-referring to examples published research. offer structured process development present eight key considerations. The paper...

Case studies are used in design research to analyze a phenomenon, generate hypotheses, and validate method. Though they extensively, there appears be no accepted systematic case study method by researchers. Considering its nature objectives, the could considered as suitable for conducting research. Many times, researchers have confront questions about validity of using their results. The objective this paper is present brief overview method, compare it with other qualitative quantitative...

Abstract In order to save time and money, designers need understand the utility of different engineering representations. To this end, often rely on past experience decide which model construct; yet students without have no help. Interestingly there are noticeable gaps in research literature with respect how when select representations for design. This paper examines differences between three types representations, specifically sketches, drawing packages, physical prototypes. The amount...

In an effort to build a shear band of lunar rover wheel which operates at surface temperatures (40 400K), the design metallic cellular is suggested. Six representative honeycombs with aluminum alloy (7075-T6) are tailored have modulus 6.5MPa elastomer by changing cell wall thickness, angles, heights and lengths mesoscale. The designed solids used for ring typed structure macro-scale. A structural performance such as contact pressure outer layer investigated honeycomb bands when vertical...

The effect of geometric and material parameters a non-pneumatic tyre (NPT) on overall performance the NPT is investigated. Parametric studies, design experiments (DOE), sensitivity analyses are conducted with hyper-viscoelastic finite element model to determine effects variables: i) thickness spokes; ii) shear band iii) modulus polyurethane (PU), rolling resistance, vertical stiffness, contact pressure. A response surface generated from DOE used find optimum values for minimising resistance...

Abstract The authors present numerical results for a systematic parametric study of the effect honeycomb core geometry on sound transmission and vibration properties in-plane loaded sandwich panels using structural acoustic finite element analysis (FEA). Honeycomb cellular structures offer many distinct advantages over homogenous materials because their effective material depend both constituent geometric cell configuration. From these structures, wide range targeted can be achieved thus...

Abstract This study explores the concept of requirements culture through a case performed at two different engineering companies: medical company startup and an international power tool corporation. We introduce explain how it influences management relevant design practice amongst stakeholders. uses qualitative data collection approach semi-structured interviews with leaders stakeholders various roles. The findings suggest presence within companies driven by their communication practices,...

Abstract Introduction A new bovine collagen-elastin dermal matrix (CEM) was recently made available in the United States after more than 17 years of use 60 countries globally. This report is a review our initial experience. We will discuss perceived ease including both application and dressing protocol. Additionally, we outcomes follow-ups from US-based practice. Methods retrospective conducted patients on service cared for with CEM December 2021 through September 2024. Cases were stratified...

Abstract The issue being investigated is the role of type representation used for recording design ideas in idea generation techniques conceptual design. An empirical study was conducted to test hypothesis that graphical (pictorial) better than textual (sentential) ideas. This a standard set outcome measures: fluency, quality, novelty, and variety generated by use different representations. expressiveness each also studied examining ability convey key information an idea. experiment designed...

An interdisciplinary review of literature relevant to collaborative design is used as a basis propose taxonomy for the classification situations. The includes top-level attributes team composition, communication, distribution, approach, information, and nature problem. Three taxonomic-oriented measures are introduced evaluate taxonomy: orthogonality, completeness, usability. This an initial step towards creation new agent-based support tools structured upon fundamental understanding process...

ABSTRACT The shear band is the critical component of a nonpneumatic tire (NPT) when determining rolling resistance resulting from elastomer's friction. In an effort to reduce NPT, made porous, fiber-reinforced elastomer explored. porous designed have same effective modulus as continuous band. originality study in this article design flexible, solid for fuel efficiency structure by including low viscoelastic energy loss material—a carbon fiber that partially replaces volume high...

The low in-plane modulus of honeycombs may be used for compliant structures with a high elastic limit while maintaining required modulus. Numerical and finite element (FE) studies functional design having shear strength, (τpl*)12 yield strain, (γpl*)12 are conducted two material selections—mild-steel (MS) polycarbonate (PC) five honeycomb configurations, when they designed to target modulus, G12* 6.5 MPa. A numerical study cellular materials theory is explore the honeycombs. FE analysis also...

Abstract This paper presents a preliminary comparison between the role of computer-aided design (CAD) and sketching in engineering through case study senior project interviews with industry academia. The team consisted four level mechanical students each less than 1 year professional experience are observed while completing an sponsored capstone across 17 week semester. Factors investigated include what CAD tools used, when process they implemented, justification for their use from students'...

This paper presents the energy absorption properties of hexagonal honeycomb structures varying cellular geometries under high speed in-plane crushing. While crushing responses in terms and densification strains have been extensively researched reported, a gap is identified generalization honeycombs with contr’olled geometric parameters. addresses this through series finite element (FE) simulations where cell angle inclined wall thickness, are varied while maintaining constant mass structure....

This paper presents two design experiments to evaluate the impact of size and shape a morphological chart used identify promising concepts within those charts. In each experiment, students designed either burrito folder or pet feeder. The first experiment rectangular charts; one vertically oriented with more functions horizontally means. second four charts, charts similar nearly square number Participants from populations were enrolled protocols followed align results for comparison. A...

This paper presents an approach to defining and quantifying the complexity of systems as represented in mixed (directed non-directed) bipartite graphs through presentation a central example well other applications. The presented defines nine measurements different properties graph system. These are derived from representation system into three dimension relational design structure matrix projections transformations this matrix. metrics generated address dimensional connective size, shortest...