Abstract This paper tracks the changing role of public participation in planning thought. In doing so, shows that is largely determined by nature enterprise being undertaken. The definition problem, kinds knowledge used practice, and conceptualisation decision-making context are important determinants extent offered to public. therefore contributes thinking about how evaluate showing it can only be understood terms which embedded. Specifically, makes little sense not shared model itself

The success rate of human in-vitro fertilization (IVF) remains low, with only -10% embryos transferred resulting in a term pregnancy. A major contributor to this embryonic loss Is poor embryo development vitro. Such can be attributed both chromosomal and anatomic anomalies oocytes after ovarian stimulation suboptimal culture conditions. low IVF is compounded by an inability select those most likely implant transfer (viable). Currently morphology used almost exclusively as the sole criterion...

The presence of ammonium in the culture medium has significant detrimental effects on regulation embryo physiology and genetics. Ammonium levels build up linearly over time when media containing amino acids are incubated at 37°C. significantly reduces blastocyst cell number, decreases inner mass development, increases apoptosis, perturbs metabolism, impairs ability embryos to regulate intracellular pH, alters expression imprinted gene H19. In contrast, rate development morphology appear be...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between nutrient utilization by human embryo and its subsequent viability after transfer. METHODS: embryos 50 patients having single blastocyst transfer were cultured individually from Day 3 in 10 μl drops medium G2 under Ovoil 5%O 2 , 6%CO 89%N . Patient inclusion maternal age ≤38. Embryos moved fresh every 24 h. Spent media samples, including controls containing no embryo, coded, frozen subsequently analysed blind....

Abstract The operational dilemmas and challenges associated with the practice of community-based environmental planning (CBEP) are examined. paper examines frequently invoked 'bottom-up' versus 'top-down' dichotomy argues that governance is more complex, dynamic multi-scalar than this simple implies. identifies six key problems CBEP approach: (i) conceptualization 'community' which poorly accounts for difference; (ii) inequality; (iii) organizational capacity efficacy community groups; (iv)...

Abstract This paper examines the claim that community-based environmental management is fairer and more democratic than so-called 'top-down' approaches. The experience of Australian indigenous peoples with a national, programme. analysis programme reveals systemic marginalization peoples. suggests 'bottom-up' governance serves to magnify importance local material symbolic contests in which groups are engaged. Community-based can fail precisely because what many its advocates take be quality:...

The international movement toward recognition of indigenous rights over the past thirty years has created a number complex and compelling issues in planning for use land natural resources. Planning should have much to say about many these issues, given its concern resources, focus on problem-solving, normative disposition. There is, however, only modest literature planning. Thus, we draw literature, but also call heavily work from associated disciplines introduce scholars some problems...

The prevalence of overweight and obesity in reproductive-age adults is increasing worldwide. While the effects either paternal or maternal on gamete health subsequent fertility pregnancy have been reported independently, combination having both parents overweight/obese fecundity offspring has received minimal attention. Using a 2 × study design rodents we established relative contributions fetal embryo development whether combined had an additive effect. Here, show that parental reduces...

Abstract The prescriptions of Wentworth Group scientists for delivering improved environmental management and remediation are reviewed against the backdrop international experience with decentralisation. Group's preferred means implementation — here referred to as decentralised regionalism is examined shown be idealised therefore naive its complexities potential pitfalls. Five problem areas highlighted: 1. defining a ‘region’; 2. power, conflict community; 3. developing mechanisms...

In recent years the conservation management literature has seen many calls for comanagement of parks and protected areas. The rationale this approach to area come from experience park managers struggling integrate with socioeconomic fabric surrounding region. This rich informs comanagement. A theoretical explanation comanagement, however, have been slow in coming. article considers trajectory change planning theory over past 50 demonstrates that theorists converged on similar ground...

In recent years the conservation management literature has seen many calls for comanagement of parks and protected areas. The rationale this approach to area come from experience park managers struggling integrate with socioeconomic fabric surrounding region. This rich informs comanagement. A theoretical explanation comanagement, however, have been slow in coming. article considers trajectory change planning theory over past 50 demonstrates that theorists converged on similar ground...

This article examines Australian indigenous participation in environmental planning to challenge some of the claims made by advocates more participatory modes planning. Calls for enhanced civil society are associated with an international trend toward decentralization and devolution many areas natural resource policy state responsibility. Democratic has been widely advocated as being efficient equitable than control. These examined reference three stories involving peoples. The suggest that...

Colonial processes of territorial acquisition and state formation have constituted a continuous assault on the political cultural autonomy indigenous peoples New World. In recent decades, claims for land justice resource sovereignty posed considerable legal challenges postsettler states. Planning offers an indispensable conceptual operational lens through which to examine responses claims. The authors use case studies explore utility, contribution, key features planning undertaken as means...

Abstract Integration has become something of a byword for those concerned with environmental planning and management in Australia recent years. Yet efforts to collaborate non-state actors policy development implementation, co-ordinate local, state federal government policies activities suggest that integration can an amorphous often ambiguous goal. This article draws on collaborative co-ordination address water quality issues Queensland's Great Barrier Reef region highlight some these...

Rural regions in post-industrial countries confront significant new challenges, particularly relation to climate, biodiversity, unconventional resource development and energy. Yet at a time when the contours of these challenges are still being sketched, preliminary, planned interventions undertaken, practice rural planning finds itself low ebb. We examine two 'critical cases', one each from Australia USA, explore issues options for capacity regional surmount challenges. Our examination...

Objective To assess the contribution of maternal factors to major birth defects after in vitro fertilisation (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and natural conception. Design Retrospective cohort study South Australia for period January 1986 December 2002. Setting A whole population study. Population census all IVF ICSI linked registries births, pregnancy terminations, (diagnosed before a child's fifth birthday). Methods Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated among IVF, ICSI,...

Vitrification of hamster 2-cell embryos impairs the activity both Na+/H+ antiporter and HCO3–/Cl– exchanger; two transport proteins responsible for regulation intracellular pH (pHi). The activities exchanger were significantly reduced at 4 h following warming compared to freshly collected embryos. Normal levels transporters not restored until 6 after warming. Thus, cryopreservation cleavage stage has a detrimental effect on their ability maintain ionic homeostasis. Impairment these pHi...

Local knowledge is increasingly seen as a critical information source for environmental management and habitat restoration, particularly in Australia. To assess the reliability of this source, community perceptions salinity history Lake Ainsworth (New South Wales, Australia) were investigated. coastal dune lake classified 'permanently' freshwater, although diatom evidence indicates saline phase that ended 1930s. accounts Lake's rarely reached consensus local frequently contrasted with...