Inferior parietal lobule (IPL) neurons were studied when monkeys performed motor acts embedded in different actions and they observed similar done by an experimenter. Most IPL coding a specific act (e.g., grasping) showed markedly activations this was part of for eating or placing). Many also discharged during the observation others. responded differentially same action. These fired act, before beginning subsequent specifying Thus, these not only code but allow observer to understand agent's...

We traced the cortical connections of anterior intraparietal (AIP) area, which is known to play a crucial role in visuomotor transformations for grasping. AIP displayed major with 1) areas inferior parietal lobule convexity, rostral part lateral area and SII region; 2) ventral visual stream lower bank superior temporal sulcus middle gyrus; 3) premotor F5 prefrontal 46 12. Additional were observed caudal frontal eye field. This study suggests that object-oriented actions, processed AIP, rely...

We traced the cortical connections of 4 cytoarchitectonic fields—Opt, PG, PFG, PF—forming convexity macaque inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Each these fields displayed markedly distinct sets connections. Although Opt and PG are both targets dorsal visual stream temporal areas, is also target somatosensory auditory areas. Primary frontal include area PGm eye-related In contrast, major IPL, caudal superior (SPL), agranular arm-related PFG areas medial (MST) connected with rostral SPL, ventral...

The general view on the functional role of monkey inferior parietal lobule (IPL) convexity mainly derives from studies carried out more than two decades ago and does not account for complexity suggested by recent neuroanatomical findings. We investigated this issue recording multi- single units in IPL monkeys characterizing their somatosensory, visual motor responses, using a naturalistic (ethologically relevant) approach. These properties were then matched with cytoarchitectonic...

It is well known that ventral premotor area F5 codes the goal of executed and observed motor acts. This anatomically connected with part inferior parietal cortex (area PFG), which has been recently shown to play a role in action organization intention understanding. The aims present study were 1) assess whether discharge neurons mirror (MNs) goals 2) clarify relative contribution PFG To this purpose, we first recorded from MNs 2 monkeys while performing task constituted by actions...

Abstract In the present study, we describe a new type of visuomotor neurons, named tool-responding mirror which are found in lateral sector monkey ventral premotor area F5. Tool-responding neurons discharge when observes actions performed by an experimenter with tool (a stick or pair pliers). This response is stronger than that obtained similar action made biological effector (the hand mouth). These respond also executes both and mouth. The visual motor responses each neuron congruent they...

In both monkeys and humans, the observation of actions performed by others activates cortical motor areas. An unresolved question concerns pathways through which areas receive visual information describing acts. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we mapped macaque brain regions activated during grasping actions, focusing on superior temporal sulcus region (STS) posterior parietal lobe. Monkeys viewed either videos with only hand visible or whole actor visible. Observation...

Abstract The superior sector of Brodmann area 6 (dorsal premotor cortex, PMd) the macaque monkey consists a rostral and caudal architectonic referred to as F7 F2, respectively. aim this study was define origin prefrontal agranular cingulate afferents in light functional hodological evidence showing that these areas do not appear be functionally homogeneous. Different sectors F2 were injected with neural tracers seven monkeys retrograde labelling qualitatively quantitatively analysed....

We have found that the 2 architectonic subdivisions of prefrontal area 45, 45A and 45B, display connectivity patterns clearly distinguish them from one another their neighboring areas. Area is primarily connected to frontal areas 12l, caudal 12r, 12o, 10, rostrodorsal 46, 9/8B, 44, 8/FEF (frontal eye field), SEF (supplementary temporal IPa, unique among all studied areas, superior polysensory (STP) auditory parabelt 45B displayed much stronger connections with oculomotor 8/FEF, 8r, than...

The voluntary control of phonation is a crucial achievement in the evolution speech. In humans, ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and Broca's area are known to be involved phonation. contrast, no neurophysiological data available about role oro-facial sector nonhuman primates PMv this function. order address issue, we recorded neurons from two monkeys trained emit coo-calls. Results showed that population motor specifically fire during vocalization. About thirds them discharged before sound...

Abstract We used a cyto‐, myelo‐, and chemoarchitectonic (distribution of SMI‐32 calbindin immunoreactivity) approach to assess whether the rostral histochemical area F5 ventral premotor cortex (PMv) comprises architectonically distinct areas, possibly corresponding functionally different fields. Three areas were identified, occupying parts F5. One area, designated as “convexity” (F5c), extends on postarcuate convexity adjacent inferior arcuate sulcus is characterized, cytoarchitectonically,...

We found that the ventral part of prefrontal area 46 (46v) is connectionally heterogeneous. Specifically, rostral (46vr) displayed an almost exclusive and extensive intraprefrontal connectivity extraprefrontal connections limited to 24 inferotemporal areas. In contrast, caudal (46vc) mostly with ventrolateral areas robust frontal parietal sensorimotor Based on a topographic organization these connections, 3 fields were identified in 46vc. A field (caudal 46vc) was preferentially connected...

The macaque ventrolateral prefrontal (VLPF) area 12r is thought to be involved in higher-order nonspatial information processing. We found that this connectionally heterogeneous, and the intermediate part fully integrated a cortical network selecting controlling object-oriented hand mouth actions. Specifically, displayed dense connections with caudal half of 46v orbitofrontal areas relatively strong extraprefrontal involving following: (1) hand- mouth-related ventral premotor F5 anterior...

Abstract In the present study we first assessed that hand motor field of macaque ventral premotor area F5, involved in visuomotor control actions, is connected to both primary cortex (M1) and spinal cord. We then injected retroanterograde tracers this completely illustrate its possible descending projections. brainstem F5 projects intermediate deep layers superior colliculus (SC) sectors mesencephalic, pontine, bulbar reticular formation, which are sources cord, labeled terminals were...

Macaques can efficiently use several tools, but their capacity to discriminate the relevant physical features of a tool and social factors contributing acquisition are still poorly explored. In series studies, we investigated macaques' ability generalize stick as new objects having different (study 1), or contexts, requiring them adapt previously learned motor strategy 2). We then assessed whether observation skilled model might facilitate tool-use learning by naive observer monkeys 3)....

Natural actions are formed by distinct motor acts, each of which is endowed with its own purpose (i.e., grasping), chained together to attain the final action goal. Previous studies have shown that grasping neurons parietal area PFG and premotor F5 can code goal simple in embedded. While during target usually visible, directly cueing goal, complex sequences often concealed has be kept mind shape unfolding. The aim this study was assess relative contribution sensory-cued or memory-driven...

Abstract The ventral agranular frontal cortex of the macaque monkey is formed by a mosaic anatomically distinct areas. Although each area has been explored several neurophysiological studies, most them focused on small sectors single areas, thus leaving to be clarified which general anatomo‐functional organization this wide region. To fill gap, we studied convexity in two monkeys ( Macaca nemestrina ) using intracortical microstimulation and extracellular recording. Functional data were then...

Grasping objects requires the selection of specific grip postures in relation to objects' physical properties. Furthermore, grasping acts can be embedded actions aimed at different goals, depending on context which action is performed. Here we assessed whether information and type integrate single-neuron level within parieto-frontal motor system. For this purpose, trained three monkeys perform simple grasp-to-eat grasp-to-place actions, contextual cues, types were required target features....

Over the past two decades, insula has been described as sensory "interoceptive cortex". As a consequence, human brain imaging studies have focused on its role in perception of emotions. However, evidence from neurophysiological non-human primates shown that is also involved generating emotional and communicative facial expressions. In particular, recent study demonstrated electrical stimulation mid-ventral sector evoked affiliative The present aimed to describe cortical connections this...