The transitions between the phases of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are abrupt changes in Sea Surface Temperature (SST) conditions, which lead to opposite SST anomalies from boreal winter one year next winter. In this work, we studied influence these ENSO over general circulation and three Low-Level Jets (LLJs) northern South America. We carry out a composite analysis seasonal for climatic variables such as SSTs, vertical wind speed, precipitation, water vapor transport, low-level...

We use Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) to study features of Generalized Synchronization (GS) between El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and monthly hydrological anomalies (HyAns) rainfall streamflows in Colombia. To that end, we check the sensitivity RQA concerning diverse HyAns estimation methods, which constitutes a fundamental procedure for any climatological analysis at inter-annual timescales. In general, GS its methods are quantified by means time-lagged joint recurrence...

The contribution of intraseasonal variability (10- 90 days) in OLR data across Northern South America, Central and Mexico was studied. This is driven by planetary tropical oscillations, including Kelvin waves, Tropical Easterly Waves, Mixed Rossby-Gravity the Madden-Julian Oscillation, which display distinct signals wavenumber—frequency power spectra. Using Wheeler-Kiladis methodology (1999) spatial EOF analysis for local activity index composites Mounier (2007), our findings...

This work is a second part contribution of the effect intraseasonal oscillations on precipitation over study region. The index generated for each wave (Part I) allow to classify events like convection inhibiting (dry) and favoring (wet) days correlate with data from ERA5 CHIRPS. Results show positive negative anomalies across region associated oscillatory process, which can be linked in moisture transport within atmospheric column. During wet days, Tropical Easterly Waves contribute up 20%...

ABSTRACT We examine the influence of intraseasonal variability (10–90 days) on hydroclimatic variables across Northern South America, Central America and Mexico. This is driven by planetary tropical oscillations, including Kelvin waves, Tropical Easterly Waves, Mixed Rossby‐Gravity Waves Madden–Julian oscillation, all which display distinct signals in wavenumber–frequency power spectra. Our findings reveal that accounts for 10%–35% total variance, depending specific location, with waves...

Abstract We investigated the relationship between frequency of occurrence Orinoco low-level jet (OLLJ) and hydroclimatic variables over northern South America. use data from ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis to characterize spatial temporal variability OLLJ in light (LLJ) classification criteria available literature. An index for an LLJ was used, based on hourly maxima wind speed. The linkages among OLLJ, water vapor flux, precipitation were analyzed using a composite analysis. Our results show...

Abstract We investigated the influence of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on inter‐annual precipitation variability in far‐eastern Pacific (FEP) and northern South America (NSA) using an approach based phase synchronization (PS). First, we carried out a detailed analysis observational data to define variability, eliminate seasonal residual frequencies hydro‐climatic anomalies, assess statistical significance PS. Additionally, characterized seasonality regional patterns sea surface...

Abstract This study investigates how convectively coupled tropical easterly waves (TEWs) affect the Choco low-level jet (ChocoJet) as they move across western Caribbean. The ChocoJet is a flow over eastern Pacific (EPAC) that modulates precipitation patterns and northwestern South America. By combining data from Organization of Tropical East Convection (OTREC; August–September 2019), ERA5 reanalysis products, satellite data, we analyze circulation during nonconvectively TEWs, comparing them...

Introduction The severe Asian form of huanglongbing (HLB), a vascular disease associated with the phloem-limited bacterium ‘ Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, is transmitted by citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri . Disease impacts are known for sweet oranges and acid limes but not lemons. Methods In five-year study (2017–2021) we compared yield fruit quality between naturally-infected healthy 5-yr-old trees Sicilian lemon ‘Femminello’, shoot phenology on both ‘Valencia’ orange, grafted...

Abstract This study shows the influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) over seasonal and diurnal variability Orinoco low‐level jet (OLLJ) during December–January–February (DJF) season. Results show changes in occurrence intensity OLLJ winds phases ENSO (El Niño La Niña) relation to Neutral conditions. During (La Niña), days decrease (increase) mid exit corridor. Furthermore, mean wind vertical profiles (and cycle) with values ranging from 5 9 m·s −1 . We highlight that January...

We study diverse scaling and information theory characteristics of Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) as seen by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) over continental oceanic regions tropical South America, 2-D radar rainfall fields from Amazonia. The bi-dimensional Fourier spectra MCSs exhibit inverse power laws with respect to spatial scale, whose exponents, β, capture type correlation among regions, including those Andes Colombia well Amazonian regions. moment-scaling analysis...

The Orinoco River basin, ranked as South America’s third-largest catchment, is pivotal in contributing to the Atlantic Ocean’s water volume. This study provides a comprehensive update on basin’s surface balance, examining trends using gridded precipitation and total evaporation datasets. We also explore projected changes until end of 21st century, focusing RCP8.5 climate change scenario. To achieve this, we utilize data from regional models designed by CORDEX-CORE experiment, selecting an...

We studied yeast hand carriage of 260 students from medicine (78), nursing (89), and medical laboratory scientist (93). isolated yeasts in 27 (10.4%), with no differences between careers or gender. A significant lower prevalence was shown the clinical cycle (2.7%) compared to basic (13.5%) (p=0.022) preclinical (p=0.014).Increased handwashing frequency alcohol gel use decreased carriage. Students who applied moisturizing cream two more times a day had (3.4%) those did not it used only once...

The synoptic mode of variability (SMV) refers to changes in atmospheric conditions over periods ranging from 2 10 days. In tropical regions, this is driven by waves that have a clear signal on the wavenumber–frequency power spectra precipitation. This study uses ensemble empirical decomposition (EEMD) method identify SMV daily precipitation and streamflows 47 river basins northern South America. We found presence frequency bands with 3–12 days 6–18 days, which agrees associated modulate...

We study spatial scaling and complexity properties of Amazonian radar rainfall fields using the Beta-Lognormal Model (BL-Model) with aim to characterize model process at a broad range scales. The Generalized Space q-Entropy Function (GSEF), an entropic measure defined as continuous set power laws covering scales, S q ( λ ) ∼ Ω ), is used tool check ability BL-Model represent observed 2-D fields. In addition, we evaluate effect amount zeros, variability intensity, number bins estimate...

Abstract We use a Generalized Watershed Loading Function (GWLF) model to simulate streamflow in the Gualí River Basin. The model's performance is assessed using metrics such as percentage of bias (PBIAS), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), RMSE–observations standard deviation ratio (RSR), and Kling–Gupta (KGE) indicate good performance. Furthermore, we analyze projections precipitation several global climate models (GCMs) from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) three shared...

Abstract Studies on insect natural enemies and their effects host populations are of immense practical value in pest management. Predation parasitism a citrus pest, the leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, were evaluated by sampling over 3 years four locations within world leading lemon producing area Northwest Argentina. Both mortality factors showed seasonal trends consistent across locations, with predation exerting earlier more sustained pressure than parasitism, which wider...

Rainfall accumulation during wet seasons in Northern South America can be enhanced La Niña ENSO phases.  Leptospirosis is a zoonotic waterborne disease that affects humans, domestic animals, and wildlife associated with occupational recreational water activities, natural disasters, socioeconomic conditions for which rainfall plays key role its transmission. We analyzed the incidence of leptospirosis, relative risk changes on due to Colombia period 2007-2021. The analysis...

Tropical easterly waves (TEWs) are quasi-periodic wave disturbances found within the trade winds during boreal summer and autumn. They influence synoptic-scale circulation dynamics in tropical America contribute up to 50% of seasonal precipitation (June November) over northern South America. This study evaluates sensitivity different spectral bands classifying TEWs based on daily vorticity at 700 hPa Organization East Pacific Convection (OTREC) campaign. were identified real-time using data...

We studied yeast hand carriage of 260 healthcare students. isolated yeasts in 27 students (10.4%), without differences between medicine, nursing, and medical laboratory science programs gender. A significant lower prevalence was shown the clinical cycle (2.7%) compared to basic (13.5%) (p = 0.022) preclinical 0.014). Increased handwashing frequency use alcohol gel antiseptic soap decreased carriage. Students who applied moisturizing cream two or more times a day had (3.4%) than those did not...

ABSTRACT We studied the projections of streamflows under climate change scenarios in Upper Orinoco River Basin by using precipitation from 15 global and regional models for period 2020–2099. For this purpose, we calibrated validated a hydrological model with very good performance. Our results show that both streamflow have significant reduction RCP8.5 scenario ranges 5 7% relation to long-term means at end century. The changes variables are not RCP2.6 scenario. Moreover, compute several...

Environmental pollution indicated by the presence of PM2.5 particulate matter varies based on prevailing atmospheric conditions described certain meteorological variables. Consequently, it is important to understand behavior in areas such as Aburrá Valley, which experiences recurrent events twice a year. This study examines specific variables and Valley. By using statistical analysis tools correlation coefficients, principal component (PCA), multiple linear regression models, research...