A5085648148- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Plant Ecology and Soil Science
- Lichen and fungal ecology
- Clay minerals and soil interactions
- Soil Geostatistics and Mapping
- Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies
- NMR spectroscopy and applications
- Coal and Coke Industries Research
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Mercury impact and mitigation studies
- Heavy metals in environment
- Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Coal Properties and Utilization
- Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
- Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Soil and Unsaturated Flow
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
Austrian Research Centre for Forests
2010-2023
BOKU University
2006-2019
Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety
2013-2019
University of Vienna
2007
Abstract Aim of our study was the development methodological basis for characterization humic fractions a long‐term field experiment. Humic acids (HAs) were extracted from three layers nontilled soil using different extractants (1 M NaOH, 0.1 Na 4 P 2 O 7 , 1 CO 3 ), and humin fraction enriched. NaOH as extractant FTIR analysis substances yields higher resolved IR spectra, especially in important regions stretching vibrations including aromatic aliphatic groups fingerprint area amides,...
Abstract Mountain regions are known to be especially vulnerable climatic changes; however, information on the climate sensitivity of alpine ecosystems is still scarce date. In this study, we investigate impacts and vegetation composition soil organic‐matter (SOM) stocks characteristics along an elevation gradient (900 1900 m asl) in Austrian Limestone Alps. The soils classified as Leptic Histosols, i.e. , organic directly overlying calcareous bedrock. Soil organic‐carbon (SOC; mean ±...
Litter decomposition is an important process for cycling of nutrients in terrestrial ecosystems. The objective this study was to evaluate direct and indirect effects climate on litter along altitudinal gradient a temperate Alpine region. Foliar European beech (Fagus sylvatica) Black pine (Pinus nigra) incubated litterbags during two years the Hochschwab massif Northern Limestone Alps Austria. Eight incubation sites were selected following altitudinal/climatic transect from 1900 900 m asl....
Analyses of organic and inorganic carbon are great interest in the field soil analyses. Soil samples from a national monitoring project were provided for this study, including more than 130 forest sites Austria. We investigated humus layers (if present undecomposed litter (L), mixed F- (intermediate decomposed matter) H-(highly (FH)) upper mineral (0–5 5–10 cm) samples. Mid-infrared spectra recorded evaluated by their band areas; subsequently we calculated models with partial least squares...
Recent studies show that a labile soil carbon (C) fraction determined with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) reflects the type of management. The present study combines method for determining active C (AC) pool an alternative titration 0.02 m KMnO4 solution sodium oxalate (Na2C2O4) routine laboratory analyses. Three long-term field experiments investigated: (i) different cropping systems and 14C-labelled organic amendments, (ii) three tillage systems, (iii) application four kinds compost....
Soils are a major carbon (C) reservoir, with subsoils (>20 cm) storing the majority of this C. Predicting response subsoil C to global change remains critical research priority, yet long-term field observations for forest ecosystems scarce. In study, we assess temporal dynamics in mineral soils 90 cm depth 62 temperate European beech (Fagus sylvatica) stands Austria using data from sampling campaigns 1984, 2012 and 2022. Our results show significant increase stocks between 0-20 decrease...
Nitrogen (N) inputs from atmospheric deposition can increase soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in temperate and boreal forests, thereby mitigating the adverse effects of anthropogenic CO2 emissions on global climate. However, direct evidence N-induced SOC sequestration low-dose, long-term N addition experiments (that is, < 50 kg ha−1 y−1 for > 10 years) is scarce worldwide virtually absent European forests. Here, we examine how tree growth, fine roots, physicochemical properties as well...
Forest soils harbor diverse microbial communities that are responsible for the cycling of elements including carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Conversely, anthropogenic N deposition can negatively feedback on soil microbes reduce organic matter (SOM) decomposition. Mechanistically, this includes reductions decomposer biomass, especially fungi, decreases in activities lignin-modifying enzyme (LMEs). Moreover, inputs decrease C:N imbalance between decomposers their resources by...
The stabilisation of 14C-labelled farmyard manure was investigated under different cropping systems (crop rotation, monoculture, and bare fallow) in a long-term field experiment established 1967. Solid-state 13C-NMR bulk soils yielded gradient increasing aromatic properties the order: straw manure–crop rotation < manure–monoculture manure–bare fallow. opposite trend observed for O-alkyl groups. fallow treatment used to investigate changes humic acids (HAs) with time. FT-IR bands...
The stabilization of soil organic matter (SOM) is an important process in the context global change and strongly affected by use management. We investigated mineralization 14 C‐labeled wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) straw farmyard manure under different cropping systems (crop rotation, monoculture, bare fallow) a long‐term field experiment established 1967. Exponential decay equations were fitted to measured data, coefficients C pools constants estimated. amendments resulted considerably...
Abstract Despite the importance of soil organic matter (SOM), very few long‐term data concerning organic‐C dynamics are available for calibrating and evaluating C models. The 14 C‐turnover field experiment, established in 1967 Fuchsenbigl, Lower Austria, offers unique opportunity to follow fate labeled under different crop‐management systems (bare fallow, spring wheat, crop rotation) over a period more than 35 y. Compared with crop‐rotation spring‐wheat treatments, decline total was largest...
Environmental contextAnalysis of soil organic matter is important for understanding turnover and stabilisation processes carbon in soils. Capillary electrophoresis used here to investigate humic acids from soils diverse forest sites, show that the patterns signals are indicative characteristics. The method provides useful information types complements existing set methods acid characterisation. AbstractAnalyses substances provide very about characteristics environmental samples. present...
Abstract Four years after a single biochar (BC) application of 72 t ha −1 , significantly higher N 2 fluxes were measured from BC‐treated soil using the helium gas flow core method compared with control. Nitrous oxide was below detection limit. Soil moisture and temperature affected fluxes, which highest at 70% water‐filled pore space 5°C. The characterized by organic C NO 3 –N concentrations wider C/N ratio microbial biomass.
Biochar (BC) application to agricultural soils has become a promising strategy for mitigation of soil-borne greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, i.e., carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), but little is known about the effects on nitric (NO) dinitrogen (N2) fluxes. We conducted short-term field experiment evaluate BC with compost additional fertilizer different soil GHG Application 1% BC-compost showed no significant effect CH4 CO2 fluxes lowered NO N2O compared control...