Abstract Two hours following intraperitoneal injection, estradiol‐H 3 is concentrated by cells in a system of limbic and hypothalamic structures. Preoptic‐hypothalamic nuclei containing estrogen‐concentrating include the medial preoptic area, anterior hypothalamus, ventromedial nucleus, arcuate nucleus ventral premammillary nucleus. Limbic structures cortical amygdala, lateral septum, bed stria terminalis, diagonal band Broca, olfactory tubercle, hippocampus, prepiriform entorhinal cortex....

Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is one of the major mammalian enzymes involved in metabolic degradation catecholamines and considered a candidate for several psychiatric disorders symptoms, including psychopathology associated with 22q11 microdeletion syndrome. By means homologous recombination embryonic stem cells, strain mice which gene encoding COMT enzyme has been disrupted was produced. The basal concentrations brain were measured striatum, frontal cortex, hypothalamus adult male...

Estrogen receptor α (ERα) and ERβ are members of the steroid nuclear family that modulate gene transcription in an estrogen-dependent manner. ER mRNA protein have been detected both peripherally central nervous system, with most data having come from rat. Here we report development ERβ-selective antibody cross-reacts mouse, rat, human its use to determine distribution murine brain. Further, a previously characterized polyclonal ERα was used compare two receptors first comprehensive...

Abstract Ascending and descending projections from the median dorsal raphe nuclei of midbrain were mapped in albino rat, using reduced‐silver stains after lesions or autoradiographic technique following injections tritiated proline. In all major respects two techniques gave same results. The majority ascending sweep ventrally nuclei, then curve rostrally to course through ventral tegmentum into medial forebrain bundle (MFB). Others radiate mesencephalic reticular formation (RF) central grey,...

Abstract Using tritiated amino acid autoradiography, the efferent projections of anterior hypothalamic area (AHA) were studied in albino rats. Axons from AHA neurons not confined to local hypothalamus. Ascending axons ran through preoptic region, joined diagonal band and distributed lateral septum. Descending efferents within hypothalamus coursed a bundle ventromedial fornix. Projections observed dorsomedial, ventromedial, arcuate dorsal premammillary nuclei, median eminence. Sweeping...

Abstract A cell‐by‐cell analysis of the magnocellular elements in hypothalami fifty Long‐Evans (normal) and Brattleboro (diabetes insipidis) rats was done using unlabeled antibody enzyme technique (PAP) with primary antisera directed against oxytocin (OXY), vasopressin (ADH), neurophysins. The neurons hypothalamus were found supraoptic (SON), paraventricular (PVN), anterior comissural (ACN) nuclei, a number accessory as individual cells hypothalamic area. SON divided by optic tract into...

Subcutaneous injection of luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (LRF) in estrogen-primed hypophysectomized, ovariectomized female rats facilitates the appearance lordosis response. The LRF effect on was seen 90, 180, and 360 minutes after injection. This could help to synchronize female's mating behavior with ovulatory discharge hormone.

Gonadal steroid hormones regulate sexually dimorphic development of brain functions and behaviors. Their nuclear receptors offer the opportunity to relate molecular events in neurons simple instinctive mammalian We have determined role estrogen receptor (ER) activation by endogenous male-typical behaviors use transgenic estrogen-receptor-deficient (ERKO) mice. Surprisingly, spite fact that they are infertile, ERKO mice showed normal motivation mount females but achieved less intromissions...

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure by estrogens. Although it is well documented that disruption ERalpha signaling knockout (ERKO) mice leads to an obese phenotype, sites estrogen action mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are still largely unknown. In present study, we exploited RNA interference mediated adeno-associated viral vectors achieve focused silencing ventromedial nucleus hypothalamus, key center...

The role of gene expression the estrogen receptor-alpha form (ER alpha) in regulation female reproductive behavior was investigated receptor knockout (ERKO) mice, deficient specifically for ER alpha, but not beta, gene. Estrogen- or estrogen- plus progesterone-treated gonadectomized ERKO mice did show any lordosis response. Detailed behavioral analysis revealed that females were also sexual interactions preceding They extremely rejective toward attempted mounts by stud male which could...

Abstract Efferent projections from the medial and periventricular preoptic area, bed nucleus of stria terminalis nuclei diagonal band were traced using tritiated amino acid autoradiography in albino rats. Medial area efferents not restricted to shortaxon projections. Ascending (mPOA) through into septum. Descending mPOA axons coursed parts forebrain bundle. Projections most hypothalamic nuclei, including arcuate median eminence, observed. In midbrain, distributed central grey, raphe ventral...

1. Effects of electrical stimulation hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (v.m.n.) on the lordosis reflex female rats were examined in ovariectomized and oestrogen-primed animals with chronically implanted electrodes. 2. Lordosis triggered either by manual cutaneous or male mounting, was facilitated v.m.n. 3 A gradual increase performance followed a relatively long period stimulation; never less than 15 min usually about 1 hr necessary for maximum facilitation. Following termination...

Previously, it was shown that the lack of a functional estrogen receptor (ER) α gene (ERα) greatly affects reproduction-related behaviors in both female and male mice. However, widespread expression novel second ER gene, ERβ, demanded we examine possible participation ERβ regulation these behaviors. In dramatic contrast to our results with ERα knockout (αERKO) males, βERKO males performed at least as well wild-type controls sexual behavior tests. Moreover, not only did exhibit normal...

Abstract Using the autoradiographic method in zebra finch ( Poephila guttata ), areas of brain were identified which contain cells accumulate testosterone or its metabolites after intramuscular injection tritiated testosterone. Among these are caudal nucleus hyperstriatum ventrale, intercollicularis midbrain, and tracheosyringeal portion hypoglossal medulla (nXIIts). These three known to control influence androgen dependent song other vocalizations passeriform birds, nXIIts is composed...

Estrogens control many physiological and behavioral processes, some of which are connected to reproduction. These include sexual other social behaviors. Here we implicate four gene products in a micronet required for mammalian recognition, through an individual learns recognize individuals. Female mice whose genes the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) or estrogen receptor (ER)-beta ER-alpha had been selectively "knocked out" were deficient specifically recognition anxiety. There was remarkable...

1. The effect of electrolytic lesions the ventromedial nucleus hypothalamus (v.m.n.) on lordosis reflex has been investigated ovariectomized female rats. Lesions were made through chronically implanted platinum-iridium electrodes. 2. V.m.n. did not disrupt immediately, but induced a gradual decline in reflex. Lordosis performance reached it minimum no less than 12 hr after lesion, and typically 36--60 hr. 3. magnitude deficit was related to amount v.m.n. damage. Destruction other...