Ethiopia, Africa's oldest independent nation and a key player in the Horn of Africa’s security, has undergone significant political economic transformations. Despite emerging as regional powerhouse, Ethiopia faces complex ethnic landscape with diverse demographic groups. The historically influential Tigray region, plunged into civil conflict November 2020, involved ethno-regional militias, federal government, Eritrean forces. This stems from historical tensions, including autocratic rule...

Burkina Faso has suffered the numerous cruelties of terrorism, Ansaroul terrorism inclusive.Prior to their dormancy, two popular terrorist groups, Islam and Jama'a Nusrat ul-Islam wa al-Muslimin (JNIM) had existed as principal terrorists in adjacent political entities.In some past years, masters who been behind mask violence Ansaroul.Believed belong a jihadist sect Mali rebellion well traced Al-Qa'ida, Sahel area hosted this terrorist.The group responsible for far-reaching radicalism...

The conflict in Sudan between its military forces and a rival paramilitary group, exacerbated by allied militias, has escalated into dire humanitarian crisis, reminiscent of past civil wars where hundreds thousands perished. This ongoing struggle, marked casualties millions displaced, centers on power struggle the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) Rapid Support (RSF), with global powers seeking to influence outcome. Despite initial hopes for democracy following ousting former dictator Omar...

Sudan, the third largest nation in Africa, faces severe poverty despite its abundant natural resources. Recent economic restructuring efforts offer hope for growth, but a power struggle between military and paramilitary forces has plunged country into crisis. Intense violence Khartoum other regions led to widespread damage infrastructure facilities, triggering humanitarian crisis with millions displaced urgent aid needs. The conflict, sparked by disputes over integration control of assets,...

The flare-up of hostilities in Ethiopia’s Tigray district November 2020 is simply the aftereffect a forced battle between so-called reformist Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s central government and People’s Liberation Front (TPLF). This previous revolutionary development ruled Ethiopian legislative issues for over 25 years before Abiy’s rise to control power 2018. Numerous Ethiopians considered TPLF’s rule authoritative, misconducts executed under its authority stirred up scorn several groups....

The creation of Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin(JNIM), a lethal extremist organization, from the merger many terrorist organizations, including Saharan branch Al-Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), Al-Mourabitoun, Macina Liberation Front (MLF), and Ansar Dine .The Sahel is overwhelmed by wave attacks that group has launched since their 2017, which resulted nearly 8,000 fatalities, displacement millions civilians, on government officials traditional leaders, closure thousands schools,...

In the past three years, African continent has experienced a notable upswing in military coups, particularly Nations like Niger, Burkina Faso, Sudan, Guinea, Chad, and Mali. The Greater Sahel Region emerged as global focal point of concern, grappling with issues inadequate governance, extremism, violence. Despite efforts regional bodies such ECOWAS, takeovers persist, posing challenges to democratic processes heightening threat increased terrorism. Since 2020, landlocked nation that was once...

In this research article, the author focuses on discussion to review validity of evidence documentary in era e-Litigation evidentiary system at State Administrative Court (PTUN). The disruption revolution industry digital 4.0 which was marked by use management justice Indonesia government into a new trial process, namely electronic (e-Litigation or e-Courts) has changed process proving procedures PTUN trials be as well. achieving objectives discussed, authors agree apply juridical-normative...

Unilateral economic sanctions have become one of the most significant foreign policy tools used by powerful developed nations across globe.Some these countries include Japan, Canada, Australia, and others.However, United States (US) European Union (EU), in particular, are very ardent users, having placed unilateral on North Korea, Iran, Venezuela, partially Russia, among others.It is an alternative to military intervention, war, or conflicts.Among strong nations, US country that applies than...

The Sahel area of West Africa has become the latest battleground for Al-Qaeda affiliated Jama`at Nusrat Al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) and Islamic State in Greater (ISGS). This piece as far possible identifies heightened atrocities perpetuated by both groups region. With little or no doubt, strategies ascendancy orchestrated JNIM ISGS could be largely hypothesized to have negative implications Africa’s region (Chad, Mali, Niger Mauritania). As a matter concern, paper confirms said hypothesis...

Economic sanctions are not only applied to countries in Africa by the United Nations (UN), European Union (EU) and States (US) but also African (AU) Community of West (ECOWAS) as well. The continent is considered be most affected terms influences more economic from UN, EU, U.S than any other across globe these normally comes into force a result conflicts, civil wars unconstitutional overthrow constitutionally elected government. Also come serve punishment deterrent those who deviate or go...

In contemporary times, the most pressing issues threatening tranquility and global stability, particularly in Africa, are heinous activities of terrorist groups.The word "terrorism" caught world's attention through 9/11 incident, although it has been existence for centuries.There have numerous definitions act terrorism, yet there is no universally approved definition which accepted by all countries.This article, therefore, seeks to elucidate terrorism from different perspectives also...