Although the plantaris muscle (PM) is considered vestigial in humans, it plays a significant clinical role procedures like grafting. Recent reports have suggested its potential involvement mid-portion Achilles tendon tendinopathy. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate morphological variations of PM, focusing on branching patterns at level insertion. Dissections were performed 58 lower limbs obtained from 29 adult cadavers preserved 10% formalin solution. The morphology PM was assessed...

The human paracentral lobule (PCL) is the medial continuation of precentral and postcentral gyri. It has important functional area related to lower limb perineum. Its visible surface that corresponds magnetic resonance imaging scout images varies in morphology, so it requires exact data. Studies such data are rare. With a facile, we studied morphology morphometry PCL.Fifty formalin-fixed adult brains dissected midsagittal plane were used this study. First, morphological types PCL its...

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to know incidence double foramen transversarium (FT) in dried cervical vertebrae and its clinical importance. Materials Methods: A total number 150 were collected from department anatomy investigate presence FT. occurrence foramina observed on both sides same vertebrae. Results: In out vertebrae, FT 33 (22.00%) among them seen unilaterally 16 (10.67%) bilaterally 17 (11.33%) vertebra. Conclusion: study, bilateral found be more common than...

<b>Introduction:</b> The morphological mensurative data of the portal venous system is important, as regards hypertension and surgical aspects related to portocaval anatomosis. <b>Aims Objectives:</b> study under consideration was taken determine actual percentage incidence major variations occurring in disposition vein (PV) its tributaries. basis has different reasons such genetic, metabolic, hemodynamic factors depending on type variations. <b>Materials Methods:</b> This conducted 30 adult...

The thyroid gland is the most common endocrine organ which gets operated throughout globe. It a highly vascular that composed of two lateral lobes connected by narrow median isthmus having an H shaped appearance. A wide range morphological variations and developmental anomalies have been reported in literature can numerous clinical surgical implications. In present case, absence was observed during dissection on female cadaver. respective were positioned independently either side trachea....

Axillary nerve is the most commonly injured during several orthopedic surgeries, especially deltoid splitting approach for surgical repair of rotator cuff and fixation proximal humerus fractures [3].Injury to axillary may result in motor paralysis atrophy muscle leading weak abduction forward flexion [4].Several authors have investigated anatomical course reported that located about 5 cm from tip acromion thus fibres more than 4 this not recommended [3,5].However, studies shown a wide range...

Background: The anatomical variations in the position, length, arterial supply and extension of mesoappendix vermiform appendix (VA) are pivotal to establishing a standard pattern study population known ethnicity their clinical applicability. Materials methods: present was conducted on 47 adult human cadavers, thirty-five males twelve female subjects North Indian ethnicity. Results: Retrocaecal found 23 cases (48.9%) followed by pelvic 13 (27.7%), three each pre-ileal, post-ileal,...

Although variations in the course of mylohyoid nerve (MHN) relation to mandible are frequently found on dissection but these anatomical have not been conclusively described or surgical literature. However, it is a well-known fact that branching pattern mandibular account for failure obtain adequate anesthetic effect routine oral and dental procedures also unexpected injury branches nerves during surgery. Furthermore, might be responsible unexplained symptoms after certain some cases...

The sternocleidomastoid is an important muscle of head and neck region dividing the into anterior posterior triangles. It arises from two heads one sternal other clavicular gets inserted lateral surface mastoid process part superior nuchal line. Unilateral variation found in origin during routine dissection on a 60 year old male cadaver. Three were left side. accessory was side taking clavicle 4.2cm to normal head. Its fibres then merged with fibers got study will help surgeons...

Background: Dermatoglyphics have the unique merit of retaining all their peculiarities unchanged throughout life, and afford in consequence an incomparably surer criterion identity than any other bodily feature. The rationale for studying dermatoglyphic features is derived from fact that development dermal ridges congenital deafness seems to develop at around same time. Methods: material study consisted palm prints congenitally deaf mute children 100 subjects with muteness between 5-21 years...

Background: The Psoas Minor (PMi) is the most unstable muscle of psoas group posterior abdominal muscle. This has a fusiform shape and consists short belly continuing distally as long tendon inserted on pecten pubis iliopectineal arch. present study was conducted to obtain more detailed information about expand knowledge its morphology morphometry. Materials methods: wall 30 adult cadavers dissected. Anatomical variabilities in origin, insertion, length, width, muscle-to-cone ratio were...

A BSTRACT Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to estimate entire length femur from parameters its lower end after determining their association. Methods Materials: used 200 mature, dry, completely ossified femora an unknown sex. Twelve parametric variables related were discovered. measurements collected statistically examined. Results: differed on both sides; however, differences not significant except for distal segment’s total length, lateral condyle height, circumference. All...

Introduction: Plantar fasciitis or calcaneus pain syndrome is the inflammation of origin plantar fascia and nearby perifascial structures which attached to medial process calcaneal tuberosity Histology suggests mainly degeneration rather than but still remains more prominent in literature. The windlass mechanism describes biomechanics associated with fascia. Material Method: This study included 60 patients who were divided into 2 randomized selected groups on basis arrival. 30(even) made do...

The tendons of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and digitorum (FDL) are commonly utilized in reconstructive foot surgery to address deformities. These intersect on plantar surface exhibit varying interconnections that can significantly impact graft length complicate tendon harvesting process. objective this study was comprehensively categorize these using a modified classification system precisely determine their positional relationships with surgically significant bony landmarks. Sixty...

Background: Dermatoglyphics, the scientific study of origin, development and variation on dermal ridges patterns fingers, palms soles have been employed to observe association with many congenital defects genetic diseases. Development deafness seems be interlinked as they develop at about same time. Methods: The material for consisted finger palm prints congenitally deaf mute children 100 subjects muteness between 5-21 years age 50 control similar group normal hearing speech were chosen....

Introduction: Length of Styloid Process (SP) varies widely.It can be very short and hidden by vaginal process or it elongated to reach hyoid bone.The antiquity anatomists have been observing the incidence SP their correlation with occurrence Eagle's syndrome. Aim:The present study aimed determine styloid process, anterior medial angulations thickness in order highlight possible etiological importance clinical surgical conditions. Materials Methods:The was done on both sides 50 dry skulls...

Introduction:The arteries and nerves related to the thyroid gland are very important as they potential source of bleeding palsy during thyroidectomies other head neck surgeries.Thus a thorough knowledge relation between them is prerequisite for surgeons interventionists. Materials Methods:The study was done in Department Anatomy, Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab among 30 adult human cadavers from May 2015 Nov 2015.The origin, course, terminal branches superior inferior external...

Context: Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) are congenital anomalies that occur due to defect in normal segmentation of the lumbosacral spine during development.This may be either form assimilation fifth lumbar vertebra with sacrum (sacralisation), or transition first piece sacral into configuration (lumbarisation).Aims and Objectives: Although presence LSTV is common general population but knowledge about its exact clinical implications still lacking.The primary aim present study was...

A 53-year-old female presented with an intermittent low back pain above the sacroiliac joints to orthopedic outpatient department. There was no history of trauma. Clinically, straight-leg-raising test negative. left paraspinal tenderness just joint and a nodular swelling in that area felt. plain radiograph taken, which showed bilateral elongation fusion fifth lumbar transverse process iliac crests diagnosed as rare unusual variant Bertolotti's syndrome. also body first sacral vertebra. The...

Introduction: Tranexamic Acid has been used in major surgeries various fields of medicine. It shown to effective reducing the blood loss during surgery. But it's use orthopaedic was limited due concern regarding efficacy and safety. Material Method: 54 patients were included study period. Patients randomly allotted 2 groups equal participants. The first group (Group A) received Acid. second B) given placebo. Total Blood Loss Fall Haemoglobin levels measured post-operatively at 24 72 hrs...

Background and Aim: Anatomical variations of neuromuscular structures gluteal region are common. Each every anatomical variation reflects a different case specific clinical presentation. Piriformis is the key muscle to this region. This work was done re-investigate morphology related it, in sufficient number specimens correlate with syndrome. Materials Methods: 60-lower extremities belonging 30 embalmed adult human cadavers named as comprised material for study. Gluteal dissected see origin,...

Typical cleft hand is a rare disorder usually inherited in an autosomal-dominant manner. We report case of bilateral typical 6-year-old male. There was no positive family history such presentation, and systemic manifestations were associated with this entity. Preanesthetic evaluation revealed or airway challenges parents counseled for routine surgical anesthetic risks. The hands underwent successful reconstruction peri-operative complications. To the best our knowledge, first operated...