This article focuses on a newly developed 30-kW hybrid-magnetic-circuit variable flux hybrid magnet memory machine (HMC-VFMM) with delta-type arrangement for automotive traction applications. The proposed HMC-VFMM can improve the torque capability effective utilization of concentration due to while decreasing required magnetization current level dual-layer (DL) permanent (PM) design. presence parallel magnetic circuit permit satisfactory state (MS) manipulation range. Meanwhile, DL...

Aiming at the problems of existing hybrid-magnetic-circuit variable flux memory machine (HMC-VFMM), such as weak regulation (FR) capability and low efficiency in high-speed region, this article proposes a novel separated HMC-VFMM (SHMC-VFMM), which innovatively arranges series magnetic circuit on <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</i> -axis parallel xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</i> -axis. The SHMC design can...

The airgap flux density harmonics have a significant effect on the cogging torque and ripple of permanent magnet synchronized machines (PMSMs). According to pole-slot combinations, distribution magnetomotive force (MMF) integer slot fractional PMSMs is not same, influence characteristics same. Based this, this paper analyzes PMSMs. Firstly, as well calculation model are obtained. contribution each harmonic average both analyzed. In addition, relationship between different harmonics, mutual...

This article investigates and compares the electromagnetic performance of two novel hybrid-magnetic-circuit variable flux memory machines (HMC-VFMMs) with different hybrid permanent magnet (PM) configurations. The investigated HMC-VFMMs are both geometrically characterized by a combination series parallel magnetic circuit topologies, but positions PM branches. developed HMC design can combine merits wide adjustment range in structure excellent unintentional demagnetization withstand...

Variable flux memory machine (VFMM) with hybrid magnetic circuit (HMC) is regarded as a potent solution for electric vehicles owing to its flexible control and fine accidental demagnetization withstand capability. However, existing HMC-VFMMs generally suffer from insufficiently wide regulation range relatively high magnetization current level, hindering overall efficiency enhancement, particularly under high-speed region. This article proposes novel separated series–parallel VFMM (SSP-VFMM),...

This article proposes a new machine learning technique based multi-level optimization (MLT-MLO) method to optimize dual-stator flux-modulated with dual-PM excitation (DS-FMDPMM). The proposed MLT-MLO using can effectively alleviate the calculation burden caused by multiple design variables in DS-FMDPMM. In addition, combines support vector regression (SVR) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) conduct motor optimization, which reduce time improve efficiency. Moreover,...

Variable flux memory machine (VFMM) is considered a promising solution for traction drives due to their distinctive merits of globally high efficiency over an extended operating range. However, the variable property low-coercive-force (LCF) permanent magnet (PM) together with interior hybrid rotor structure brings great challenges magnetic field modeling VFMM. To address above issues, this article proposes new analytical method recently developed hybrid-magnetic-circuit VFMM (HMC-VFMM),...

This article proposes a novel asymmetric-magnetic-pole interior permanent magnet (AMP-IPM) machine, which is geometrically characterized by combination of dual-layer reluctance and flat-type PM rotor structures. The design concept "asymmetric-magnetic-pole" introduced to achieve magnet-axis-shifting effect, namely, the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</i> -axis shifted make torque components approximately maximize at similar...

To achieve flexible flux regulation, variable memory machines (VFMMs) are normally characterized by a high permanent magnet (PM) linkage design, which generally reduces the saliency ratio of machine. In order to further reveal internal performance tradeoffs, this paper investigates relationship between and PM linkages VFMMs combining equivalent magnetic circuit models finite element (FE) method. Three hybrid-magnetic-circuit (HMC) having different grades ratios chosen as case studies analyze...

This paper investigates of a kind five-phase dual-rotor permanent-magnet synchronous motor (DRPMSM), which contains dual rotors and single stator. has the potential advantages high power density, reliability efficiency, make it more appropriate for using in electric vehicles (EVs). In order to evaluate most suitable level this structure, electromagnetic, thermal mechanical characteristics are investigated paper. The length diameter ratio motors is researched obtain highest density then...

The variable-flux memory machine (VFMM) exhibits high efficiency over a wide speed range because its airgap magnetic flux can easily be regulated by varying the magnetization state (MS) of employed low coercivity force permanent magnets. This paper proposes second-order sliding mode (SM)-based direct torque control (DTC) strategy for VFMM, which features relatively computational complexity and less dependence on parameters. operating principle mathematical model VFMM are first described...

This article proposes a new partitioned stator hybrid-excited flux reversal machine with dual-PM (PS-HEFRDPMM), in which field windings are placed the inner and permanent magnets (PMs) employed on both rotor outer stator. By utilizing excitation, proposed PS-HEFRDPMM is able to introduce bidirectional modulation effect transmit high torque production. In addition, good weakening capability can be obtained by using dc current regulate air-gap magnetic field, beneficial expand speed range of...

For variable flux memory machine (VFMM) with high salient ratio, a negative torque occurs when applying positive <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</i> -axis current ( xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i_d</i> ) pulse to magnetize the under xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</i> xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i_q</i> ), causing large speed drop. Since traditional controllers...

Variable flux memory machine (VFMM) can be regarded as a promising candidate for electric vehicles (EVs) owing to its advantages of excellent adjustment capability and overall efficiency improvement over an extended operating range. However, the uncertain internal thermal behavior due magnetization state (MS) change has immense influence on electromagnetic performance permanent magnet, which makes precise MS estimation low coercive force PM challenging issue. To explore benefits manipulation...

For several applications, such as robotic joints, it is necessary to simultaneously optimize the torque density, ripple, and dynamic response capability of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). However, method for evaluating based on structural parameters machine its co-optimization with performance not clear. Therefore, this article takes PMSM same number poles slots research object these three objectives simultaneously. First, a generalized electromagnetic prediction model type...

This paper proposes a novel dual-sided permanent magnet (DSPM) machine with stator spoke-type PMs, which employs dual PM field modulation effect to enhance the effective harmonics and torque capability. The topology production mechanism are described first. main design parameters of DSPM machines different stator/rotor pole combinations globally optimized. electromagnetic characteristics selected cases investigated by finite element (FE) method. simulation results show that 6/14-pole...

This article proposes an accurate and computationally efficient hybrid analytical (HA) model for the air-gap magnetic field computation of asymmetric-stator-pole flux reversal permanent magnet machine, which can provide a thorough insight into working mechanism by taking slotting effects account. The proposed HA combines subdomain method Schwarz–Christoffel (SC) transformation, account stator rotor effects, respectively. is first employed to predict considering effect converting machine...

This article proposes a new dual-sided permanent magnet (DSPM) machine with flux-concentrated U-shaped magnets (PMs) in stator, and consequent-pole PMs rotor, respectively. The proposed DSPM can perform bidirectional field modulation effect (BFME) to enhance the effective harmonics, hence improving torque capability. A magneto-motive force-permeance based model is employed reveal production mechanism. contributions of main-order working harmonics are identified quantified by employing hybrid...

In this paper, a novel asymmetric-permanent- magnet hybrid-magnetic-circuit variable flux memory machine (AH-VFMM) is proposed. The low coercive force (LCF) permanent magnets (PMs) are located on one biased side of the hybrid magnetic circuit branch, forming an AH configuration. Compared to its conventional symmetric-PM (SH) counterpart, proposed design benefits from reduced usage high (HCF) rare-earth magnet, alleviating saturation improve regulation (FR) range, while excellent load...

Technology Readiness Level (TRL) is an effective risk management measure used by NASA and DoD. Based on the idea of TRL, this paper developed refined a new concept University Transfer (UTTRL). UTTRL comprises five distinct attributes, including technology maturity attribute, advancement demand criticality stage in industry life cycle. Each attribute further divided into several levels with definitions brief descriptions. The calculation UTTRL-Index also introduced paper. explores set...

Due to the existence of multiple magnetization states (MSs) low coercive force (LCF) PMs, losses minimization variable flux memory machine (VFMM) under different MSs are unable obtained simultaneously. This article proposes a loss-reduction-oriented (LRO) optimization methodology for overall efficiency improvement in VFMM. Firstly, recently developed hybrid-magnetic-circuit (HMC) VFMM is selected as design example investigate proposed methodology. Subsequently, architecture and flowchart LRO...