The Social Foundations of Cognitive Development. Introduction. Processes Change: How Sociocultural Context Development Specific Higher Mental Functions in Context. Acquring Knowledge: Intersubjectivity, Joint Attention, and Referencing. Remembering: Construction the Past. Solving Learning to Solve Problems Constructing Future: Planning Conclusions Future Directions.

Maternal ratings of child temperament and observed maternal behaviors in the home were collected when children 18 months old. Both variables examined as predictors mothers' problem-solving with their toddlers at 30 children's independent problem solving 5 years. instructional behavior predicted old performance a cognitive task. assistance during 18- 30-month tasks also task laboratory years age. These same related to child's on Wechsler Preschool Primary Scale Intelligence (D. Wechsler,...

This study investigated language data collected in 1978-1979 from ninety-six 3- to 5-year-old children four different non-Western cultures: Garifuna Belize, Logoli Kenya, Newars Nepal, and Samoans America Samoa. There were 24 per culture; half of the 3 years age, 5 age. The examined use information-seeking questions everyday life situations proportion explanation-seeking (why-questions) these communities relative those reported among Western samples. Results revealed that number does not...

Parent–Student Communication About College and Freshman Grades in First-Generation Non–First-Generation Students Julienne A. Palbusa (bio) Mary Gauvain First-generation college students are whose parents did not attend finish (Engle, 2007). These enter with less knowledge of activities expectations, they have social support at home regarding issues during this transition relative to went 2007; Pascarella & Terenzini, 2005). experiences may affect the success first-generation students, which...

The development of thinking is discussed from a sociocultural perspective, with particular attention to how Super and Harkness' [1986] concept 'developmental niche' may be used as framework for organizing cognitive developmental research in relation culture. Three subsystems the niche that play role directing are presented illustrated empirically: (a) activity goals values culture its members; (b) historical means represented material symbolic tools satisfying cultural values,...

This study investigated how experiences in the family context contribute to postsecondary educational attainment of Mexican American youth. The sample consisted 104 recent high school graduates. One half was attending a 2-year college, and other one not enrolled any institution. examined relationships among (i.e., parents' older siblings' experiences, income, parental involvement) education variables college grade point average, attendance, aspirations). Variations within community,...

Cognitive development is a cultural process. More experienced members and the practices, institutions, artifacts of culture provide support guidance for children as they develop knowledge thinking skills. In this article, authors describe value that added to our understanding cognitive when contributions are taken into account. They discuss theoretical practical issues research with aim encouraging researchers consider more centrally in their own work.

This paper discusses the role of cultural artifacts or tools in cognitive development. It examines how social interaction with more experienced partners helps children learn to use that support thinking. Of particular interest is come understand and external representations, such as plans, guide action. The discussion illustrated by a study which 4- 5- 6- 7-year-old their mothers were observed they constructed toy following step-by-step action plan. view expressed order development it...

This study examined how societal changes associated with modernization are related to cognitive development. Data were from 4 cultural communities that represented a broad range of traditional and modern elements: the Garifuna (Belize), Logoli (Kenya), Newars (Nepal), Samoans (American Samoa). Naturalistic observations performances 3‐, 5‐, 7‐, 9‐year‐old children ( N = 192) on 7 measures examined. Results replicated age‐related improvement all measures. Contributions modernity evident in...

The Sheltered Care Environment Scale (SCES) measures the social environment of sheltered care settings, as perceived by residents and staff. This instrument was developed tested in a sample 40 facilities representing breadth variety currently existing congregate housing for elderly. Practical applications such comparing environments varied facilitating monitoring environmental change, providing an expanded definition concept quality are identified.

Abstract This paper is concerned with the role of child temperament in regulating adult‐child cognitive interaction. Two studies were conducted to investigate whether as rated by mother at an earlier time relates maternal guidance and partner involvement on a joint task later time. In Study 1, 26 2.5‐year‐old children their mothers participated problem solving followed child‐only posttest involving related tasks. Children having more difficult temperaments received assistance disapproval...

We reexamined field data on cognitive performance in light of recent research that shows open-fire cooking – with its emission harmful substances to pose a risk healthy physical development. Tests three- nine‐year-old children four communities around the world yielded evidence concerning block-building skills, memory, and discernment embedded figures. Naturalistic observations these were also undertaken everyday settings. Open-fire (as opposed kerosene stoves) was associated both lower less...

This research examined associations between acculturation, college planning, and attendance in 410junior senior high school students. Participants, of which three quarters were Mexican descent one quarter was European descent, completed Cuellar; Harris, Jasso's acculturation scale a college-planning survey. Ten months later; 116 the 148 participating seniors interviewed to determine if they went what resources helped them get there. Acculturation among American youth not related either...

Mothers and fathers of 163 5-year-olds were observed interacting with their children in dyads on 2 separate occasions a familiar unfamiliar cognitive activity. Within- between-family comparisons conducted. Few differences the instruction provided by mothers appeared, those that did task. On this task, mothers, within across families, was more responsive to children's changing skill than fathers. Directive disapproving comments parents related poorer posttest performance child. High level...