The theoretical distinction between goal intentions ("I intend to achieve -c") and implementation perform goal-directed behavior y when I encounter situation z"; P. M. Gollwitzer, 1993) is explored by assessing the completion rate of various projects.In correlational Study 1, difficult were completed about 3 times more often participants had furnished them with intentions.In experimental 2, all assigned same intention, half instructed form intentions.The beneficial effects paralleled diose...

Implementation intentions ("If I encounter Situation X, then I'll perform Behavior Y!") are postulated to instigate automatic action initiation. In 4 studies, the hypothesis was tested that implementation lead immediate initiation once specified situation is encountered, even under conditions of high cognitive load. First, individuals whose control known be hampered by disruptive business, such as opiate addicts withdrawal (Study 1) and schizophrenic patients 2), benefited from forming...

Implementation intentions ("If I encounter Situation X, then I'll perform Behavior Y!") are postulated to instigate automatic action initiation (P.M. Gollwitzer, 1993Gollwitzer, , 1999)).In 4 studies, the hypothesis was tested that implementation lead immediate once specified situation is encountered, even under conditions of high cognitive load.First, individuals whose control known be hampered by disruptive business, such as opiate addicts withdrawal (Study 1) and schizophrenic patients...

A critical phase in goal striving occurs when setbacks accumulate and disengagement becomes an issue. This is conceptualized as action crisis assumed to be characterized by intrapsychic conflict which the individual torn between further pursuit disengagement. Our theorizing converges with Klinger’s conceptualization of a process, rather than discrete event. Two longitudinal field studies tested found support for hypothesis that not only compromises individual’s psychological physiological...

We investigated the self–regulatory strategies people spontaneously use in their everyday lives to regulate persistence during aversive activities. In pilot studies (pooled N = 794), we identified from self–reports and generated hypotheses about individual differences trait self–control predicting use. Next, deploying ambulatory assessment ( 264, 1940 reports of aversive/challenging activities), predictors strategies’ self–reported effectiveness (trait demand types). The popularity varied...

Self-control is the ability to (1) initiate, and (2) persist in boring, difficult or disliked activity, (3) inhibit impulses act. We explored self-regulatory strategies that people use for these three types of self-control conflicts their subjective efficacy as a function conflict type. In addition, we hypothesized who more frequently create strategy-situation fit by tying they are effective for, successful at self-control. A pilot study identified 22 different could be used than one type...

The Model of Action Phases ( Gollwitzer, 1990 , 2012 ) distinguishes an implemental mindset evoked by planning goal-directed actions, from a deliberative pondering pros/cons adopting particular goal. present research demonstrates that mindsets affect time predictions. In Study 1 (N = 151), participants in made shorter predictions with respect to completing personal goals than mindset. 2 78), we tested mediating mechanism for the effect varying motivation return report. was replicated low-...

To date, it is not well understood how individuals disengage from goals. A recent approach suggests that disengagement often preceded by an action crisis, a motivational conflict in which the individual torn between holding on to and letting go of personal goal. We postulate dynamic interplay experience crisis appraisals goal desirability attainability shapes process In two longitudinal studies ( N = 364), complete university degree predicted devaluations its attainability, reversely, low...

In three experiments with a total of 243 students, the hypothesis was tested that mindsets affect goal-directed persistence in behavioral conflict situations. Studies 1 and 2, an implemental mindset led to higher as compared deliberative solving puzzle or playing computer game, respectively, when characteristics task implied (i.e., perceived desirability low feasibility high, vice versa).No differences were found both high. Study 3, it demonstrated that, depending on functional value given...

ABSTRACT Studies show that motive–goal congruence is an important predictor of well-being (Baumann, Kaschel, & Kuhl, 2005; Brunstein, Schultheiss, Grässmann, 1998). However, little known about the factors promote between implicit motives and goals. Relying on McClelland's (1985) concept theory fantasy realization (Oettingen, 1999), we postulated goal fantasies focusing motive-specific affective incentives motive-congruent setting. This hypothesis was tested in 3 experimental studies. In...

Research on the strength model of self-regulation is burgeoning, but little empirical work has focused link between distinct types daily goal pursuit and depletion self-regulatory resources. The authors conducted two studies avoidance goals resource depletion.Study 1 (283 [228 female] Caucasians, ages 18-51) investigated concurrent longitudinal relations over a 1-month period. Study 2 (132 [93 18-49) period explored as mediator to subjective well-being relation.Studies documented both...

Abstract We have integrated the basic psychological needs approach from self‐determination theory with motive disposition in order to enhance prediction of flow experience sports. hypothesize that an environment enables people fulfill their for competence and social relatedness results flow. Additionally, we assume effect need satisfaction is moderated by achievement need‐for‐relatedness affiliation motive. Four studies show expected positive effects on further confirm high...

In emerging adulthood, being committed to and making progress on important personal goals constitutes a source of identity well-being. Goal striving, however, does not always go without problems. Even though highly goal, individuals may experience recurring setbacks and, consequently, increasing doubts about the goal that might culminate in an action crisis, is, intra-psychic decisional conflict whether disengage from or continue their way. Action crises have been shown lead negative...

An action crisis has been defined as the decisional conflict between continuing and disengaging from pursuit of a personal goal. In line with Klinger’s (1975) theoretical ideas about an incentive-disengagement cycle in mindset theory phases (Gollwitzer, 1990, 2012), experiencing related to cognitive affective mechanisms assumed facilitate abandonment goal (e.g., symptoms depression, reevaluation respective pros cons). crisis’ role prediction disengagement, however, not yet empirically...

Person-environment fit has been identified as a key prerequisite for employee well-being. We investigated to what extent misfit between motivational needs and supplies at the workplace affects two health outcomes: burnout physical symptoms. Individual (implicit affiliation power motives) environment (motive specific job characteristics) were assessed in an online survey of full time employees (n = 97), using picture story exercise measuring implicit motives scale listing related...

When individuals strive towards personal goals, they may encounter obstacles that could compromise their goal progress and pose a challenge to self–regulation. Coping with first requires those be identified. The purpose of the present studies was apply an inter–individual approach this important, but insufficiently studied self–regulatory aspect striving. We therefore examined role self–awareness, is, paying attention one's own feelings, thoughts, behaviours, for identification goal–related...