The paper presents a rainfall estimation technique based on algorithms that couple, along radar ray, profiles of horizontal polarization reflectivity (ZH), differential (ZDR), and propagation phase shift (ΦDP) from X-band polarimetric measurements. Based in situ raindrop size distribution (DSD) data using three-parameter "normalized" gamma DSD model, relationships are derived correct for specific attenuation, while simultaneously retrieving variations the normalized intercept parameter (Nw)....

Urban areas often experience high precipitation rates and heights associated with flash flood events. Atmospheric hydrological models in combination remote-sensing surface observations are used to analyze these phenomena. This study aims conduct a hydrometeorological analysis of event that took place the sub-urban area Mandra, western Attica, Greece, using Chemical Hydrological Ocean Wave System (CHAOS) modeling system includes Advanced Weather Research Forecasting (WRF-ARW) model...

Severe hydrometeorological hazards such as floods, droughts, and thunderstorms are expected to increase in the future due climate change. Due significant impacts of these phenomena, it is essential develop new advanced early warning systems for advance preparation population local authorities (civil protection, government agencies, etc.). Therefore, reliable forecasts extreme events, with high spatial temporal resolution a very short time horizon needed, fast development localized nature...

The use of a dense network commercial high-cost seismographs for earthquake monitoring is often financially unfeasible. A viable alternative to address this limitation the development low-cost capable local seismic events with precision comparable that instruments within specified distance from epicenter. primary aim study compare performance an advanced, contemporary seismograph commercial, seismograph. proposed system enhanced through integration 24-bit analog-to-digital converter board...

Modern polarimetric weather radars typically provide reflectivity, differential and specific phase shift, which are used in algorithms to estimate the parameters of rain drop size distribution (DSD), mean shape, rainfall rate. A new method is presented minimize parameterization error using Rayleigh scattering limit relations multiplied with a rational polynomial function reflectivity-weighted raindrop diameter approximate Mie character scattering. statistical relation between shape parameter...

Oceanic ambient noise measurements can be analyzed to obtain qualitative and quantitative information about wind rainfall phenomena over the ocean filling existing gap of reliable meteorological observations at sea. The Ligurian Sea Acoustic Experiment was designed collect long-term synergistic from a passive acoustic recorder surface sensors (i.e., buoy mounted rain gauge anemometer weather radar) support error analysis rate speed quantification techniques developed in past studies. study...

Abstract Accurate estimation of precipitation at high spatial and temporal resolution weather radars is an open problem in hydrometeorological applications. The use dual polarization gives the advantage multiparameter measurements using orthogonal states. These carry significant information, useful for estimating rain-path signal attenuation, drop size distribution (DSD), rainfall rate. This study evaluates a new self-consistent with optimal parameterization attenuation correction rain...

A new algorithm called self-consistent with optimal parameterization (SCOP) for attenuation correction of radar reflectivities at low elevation angles is developed and evaluated. The SCOP algorithm, which uses best-fitted functions specific coefficients backscattering differential phase shift, applied to X-band dual-polarization data evaluated on the basis observables calculated from disdrometer a distance 35 km radar. performance compared other algorithms [reflectivity-differential shift...

In mountain basins, the use of long-range operational weather radars is often associated with poor quantitative precipitation estimation due to a number challenges posed by complexity terrain. As result, applicability radar-based estimates for hydrological studies limited over areas that are in close proximity radar. This study evaluates advantages using X-band polarimetric (XPOL) radar as means fill coverage gaps and improve complex terrain applications based on field experiment conducted...

The accuracy of attenuation correction for X-band reflectivity (Z <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</sub> ) and differential xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DR</sub> measurements in rainfall is analyzed using coincident S-band polarimetric radar observations collected during the International H xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O Project period May-June 2002 at northwestern Oklahoma. Two distinct...

Abstract In this study the authors evaluate two algorithms, so-called beta (β) and constrained methods, proposed for retrieving governing parameters of “normalized” gamma drop size distribution (DSD) from dual-polarization radar measurements. The β method treats axis ratio as a variable computes shape DSD reflectivity (ZH), differential (ZDR), specific phase shift (KDP). assumes that axis-ratio relation is fixed ZH, ZDR, an empirical between slope parameters. techniques are evaluated...

Abstract A method for correcting the vertical profile of reflectivity measurements and rainfall estimates (VPR) in plan position indicator (PPI) scans polarimetric weather radars melting layer snow during stratiform rain is presented. The detection boundaries based on well-established characteristic local minimum copolar correlation coefficient layer. This applied to PPI instead a beam-by-beam basis with addition new acceptance criteria adapted radar used this study. An apparent...

Abstract The Hellenic Center for Marine Research POSEIDON ocean monitoring and forecasting system has included passive underwater acoustic measurements as part of its real-time operations. Specifically, low-duty-cycle long-term listeners (PALs) are deployed on two operational buoys, one off Pylos in the Ionian Sea second Athos northern Aegean Sea. first step toward quantitative use ambient sound is classification geophysical sources—for example, wind speed rain rate—from noise shipping, from...

Abstract The Keys Area Microphysics Project (KAMP), conducted as part of NASA’s Fourth Convective and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX-4) in the lower area, deployed a number ground radars four arrays rain gauge disdrometer clusters. Among various instruments is an X-band dual-polarization Doppler radar on wheels (XPOL), contributed by University Connecticut. XPOL was used to retrieve rainfall rate raindrop size distribution (DSD) parameters be support KAMP science objectives. This paper presents...

Abstract During May and June 2014, NOAA X-Pol (NOXP), the National Severe Storms Laboratory’s dual-polarized X-band mobile radar, was deployed to Pigeon River basin in Great Smoky Mountains of North Carolina as part NASA Integrated Precipitation Hydrology Experiment. Rain gauges disdrometers were positioned within verify precipitation estimates from various radar satellite algorithms. First, performance Self-Consistent Optimal Parameterization–Microphysics Estimation (SCOP-ME) algorithm for...

Abstract. Hydro-meteorological hazards like convective outbreaks leading to torrential rain and floods are among the most critical environmental issues world-wide. In that context weather radar observations have proven be very useful in providing information on spatial distribution of rainfall can support early warning floods. However, quantitative precipitation estimation by is subjected many limitations uncertainties. The use dual-polarization at high frequency (i.e. X-band) has...

The representation of precipitation variability over mountainous regions by ground-based sensors is an open problem in hydrometeorological applications that necessitates the use satellite-based products (SPPs). An extended network X-band radar (GR) deployments complex terrain areas, including northeastern Italian Alps, North Carolina, Olympic Mountain, and southern tip Vancouver Island, used this study as a benchmark rainfall data set for error characterization modeling Level 2 PMW...

Recent research has demonstrated the value of polarimetric measurements for correction rain-path attenuation at X-band radar frequency and estimation rain parameters including drop-size distributions (DSD). The issue this paper is concerned with to what degree uncertainties in can affect DSD. Since attenuation-correction uncertainty enhances path, our hypothesis that DSD retrieval may deteriorate range. In paper, we evaluate relative accuracy against estimates from S-band observations <i...

Abstract Accurate quantitative precipitation estimation over mountainous basins is of great importance because their susceptibility to natural hazards. It generally difficult obtain reliable information complex areas the scarce coverage ground observations, limited from operational radar networks, and high elevation study sites. Warm-rain processes have been observed in several flash flood events terrain regions. While they lead rainfall rates growth due collision–coalescence droplets cloud...

This work deals with the installation of two smart in-situ sensors (for underwater radioactivity and sound monitoring) on Western 1-Mediterranean Moored Multisensor Array (W1-M3A) ocean observing system that is equipped all appropriate modules for continuous, long-term real-time operation. All necessary tasks their integration are described such as, upgrade interoperable power-efficient operation, conversion data in homogeneous standard format, automated pre-process raw data, metadata...

One method of measuring precipitation and wind over the ocean is through analysis underwater ambient acoustics. In this study, noises recorded by a passive aquatic listener (PAL) in Mediterranean are used to compare effectiveness machine learning techniques for speed rate with empirical methods from previous works. The data were collected timeframe June 2011 May 2012 included two storms that caused severe coastal flooding Genoa, Italy. A spar buoy at surface above PAL provided high-quality...