Popular diets, particularly those low in carbohydrates, have challenged current recommendations advising a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet for weight loss. Potential benefits and risks not been tested adequately.To compare 4 weight-loss diets representing spectrum of to high carbohydrate intake effects on loss related metabolic variables.Twelve-month randomized trial conducted the United States from February 2003 October 2005 among 311 free-living, overweight/obese (body mass index, 27-40)...

AbstractObjective. A randomized controlled pilot study to test the hypothesis that increasing preschool children's outdoor free play time increases their daily physical activity levels. Methods. Physical was assessed by accelerometers for four consecutive school days in thirty-two Latino children (3.6±0.5 years) attending a low-income families. After two of baseline assessment, participants were randomly assigned an intervention (RECESS; n =17) or control (CON; =15) group. The RECESS group...

<h3>Objective</h3> To test a 2-year community- and family-based obesity prevention program for low-income African American girls: Stanford GEMS (Girls' health Enrichment Multi-site Studies). <h3>Design</h3> Randomized controlled trial with follow-up measures scheduled at 6, 12, 18, 24 months. <h3>Setting</h3> Low-income areas of Oakland, California. <h3>Participants</h3> girls aged 8 to 10 years (N=261) their parents or guardians. <h3>Interventions</h3> Families were randomized one two...

Context Popular diets, particularly those low in carbohydrates, have challenged current recommendations advising a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet for weight loss. Potential benefits and risks not been tested adequately. Objective To compare 4 weight-loss diets representing spectrum of to high carbohydrate intake effects on loss related metabolic variables. Design, Setting, Participants Twelve-month randomized trial conducted the United States from February 2003 October 2005 among 311...

This pilot study examined the effects of a teacher-taught, locomotor skill (LMS)- based physical activity (PA) program on LMS and PA levels minority preschooler-aged children. Eight low-socioeconomic status preschool classrooms were randomized into LMS-PA (LMS-oriented lesson plans) or control group (supervised free playtime). Interventions delivered for 30 min/day, five days/week six months. Changes in (accelerometer) variables assessed with MANCOVA. exhibited significant reduction...

Summary Background Schools provide a prime environment for interventions that attempt to increase physical activity and prevent obesity. Objective This study examined the effect of 30‐min, structured recess using 22 games known energy expenditure on moderate‐to‐vigorous when compared free play implemented with third graders from two elementary schools over 9 weeks. Methods Moderate‐to‐vigorous other cardiovascular risk factors were assessed pre‐ post‐intervention in 27 children. Results...

Recent trials indicate that low-carbohydrate, nonenergy-restricted diets are at least as effective traditional low-fat, high-carbohydrate in promoting weight loss for up to a year. These were, however, limited many respects. The A TO Z (Atkins, Traditional, Ornish, Zone Weight Loss Study compared four representing wide range of carbohydrate intake 311 overweight or obese premenopausal women 25 50 years age. participants had body mass index (BMI) 27 higher but were not diabetic. They received...

Community-based study designs have been utilized in several settings, including preschool to improve health outcomes such as physical activity preschool-age children. This essay describes my perspective on how I (first author) engage and maintain community partners (i.e., centers) designing implementing interventions set the center. will also highlight importance of interdisciplinary research teams key elements establishing a long-term partnership with partners.

The impact of additional structured outdoor playtime on preschoolers'; physical activity (PA) level is unclear. purpose this pilot study was to explore the effects increasing PA levels. Eight full-day classrooms (n=134 children) from two preschool programmes were randomised into a treatment (STRUCT, n=4) or control (CON, condition. Both groups received an 30 minutes three days per week for four weeks. STRUCT intervention consisted previously tested activities/games. CON free playtime....

Most preschool centers provide two 30-min sessions of gross-motor/outdoor playtime per day. Within this time frame, children accumulate most their activity within the first 10 min. This paper describes design and baseline participant characteristics Short bouTs Exercise for Preschoolers (STEP) study. The STEP study is a cluster randomized controlled designed to examine effects short bouts structured physical (SBS-PA) implemented classroom setting as part designated gross-motor on...

We examined the effects of short bouts structured physical activity (SBS-PA) implemented within classroom setting as part designated gross-motor playtime on preschoolers PA.Preschools were randomized to SBS-PA (centers, N = 5; participants, 141) or unstructured free (UPA) 150). consisted PA in during first 10 minutes followed by 20 playtime. UPA 30 Teachers both conditions for 5 days/week 6 months. was assessed with accelerometers (preschool-day) and direct observation (30-minute sessions)....

This study examined the validity of commonly used regression equations for Actigraph and Actical accelerometers in predicting energy expenditure (EE) children adolescents. Sixty healthy (8–16 yrs) participants completed four treadmill (TM) five self-paced activities daily living (ADL). Four (AG) three (AC) were to estimate EE. Bias (±95% CI) root mean squared errors assess compared with indirect calorimetry. For children, Freedson model accurately predicted EE all combined Treuth TM...

Insufficient sleep is associated with higher risk of poor health outcomes in low socioeconomic status (SES) urban elementary age girls. Decreased physical activity (PA) and increased screen time may be sleep. This study examined if PA are girls from a SES community. Baseline data 7 to 12 year-old (n = 55) two interventions conducted Springfield, MA between 2012 2015 were used. was measured via accelerometry for seven days. Screen assessed validated questionnaires. Sleep also subsample 24)...

The purpose of this study was to compare blood lipid responses continuous versus accumulated exercise. Nine participants completed the following conditions on separate occasions by treadmill walking/jogging at 70% VO2max: 1) one 500-kcal session and 2) three 167 kcal sessions. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG) concentrations were measured from serum samples obtained 24 h prior 48 after All analyzed in 2 (condition) x 3 (time) repeated measures...

Background: The purpose of this study was to develop a data-driven approach for analyzing incomplete accelerometer data from field-base studies. Methods: Multiple days the Stanford Girls health Enrichment Multi-site Studies (N = 294 African American girls) were summed across each minute day produce composite weekday and weekend day. Composite method estimates physical activity compared with those derived methods typically described in literature (comparison methods). Results: retained 99.7%...

Background: The Compendium of Energy Expenditures for Youth assigns MET values to a wide range activities. However, only 35% activity were derived from energy cost data measured in youth; the remaining activities estimated adult values. Purpose: To determine common performed by children and adolescents compare these similar reported compendium. Methods: Thirty-two (8−11 years old) 28 (12−16 years) completed 4 locomotion on treadmill (TRD) 5 age-specific daily living (ADL). Oxygen consumption...

Inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and white-blood-cell (WBC) count are strongly associated with cardiovascular disease. The authors' purpose was to compare the inflammatory response a single aerobic-exercise session between individuals of high moderate fitness. Ten apparently healthy highly fit 11 moderately men expended 500 kcal at 70% VO2peak. Fasting blood samples were obtained on 2 consecutive days before again 24, 72, 120 h postexercise. Blood analyzed...

The purpose of this study was to examine the temporal patterns preschoolers' physical activity (PA) levels during a typical outdoor free playtime.Baseline playtime accelerometer counts (4.3 ± 0.8 days) from 3 preschool PA intervention studies were used (n = 326 children, age 4.0 years). Data collected using 15-second epochs and classified into sedentary, light, or moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA). Patterns change analyzed orthogonal polynomial comparisons.For all ages, there U-shaped pattern for...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to cross-validate previously developed Actiwatch (AW; Ekblom et al. 2012) and AcitGraph (AG; Sirard 2005; AG-P, Pate 2006) cut-point equations categorize free-living physical activity (PA) preschoolers using direct observation (DO) as the criterion measure. A secondary aim compare output from AW AG equations. Methods: Participants’ ( n = 33; age 4.4 ± 0.8 yrs; females, 12) PA directly observed for three 10-min periods during preschool-day while wearing...

Background: Thirty-five percent of the activities assigned MET values in Compendium Energy Expenditures for Youth were obtained from direct measurement energy expenditure (EE). The aim this study was to provide directly measured EE several different youth. Methods: Resting metabolic rate (RMR) 178 youths (80 females, 98 males) first measured. Participants then performed structured activity bouts while wearing a portable system measure EE. Steady-state oxygen consumption data used compute...