Ovarian tissue storage at low temperatures is a promising new method for protecting young cancer patients from the sterilizing effects of chemotherapy andlor radiotherapy. Tissue can be stored and returned to body in due course as thin cortical graft since primordial follicles are distributed peripherally relatively resistant ischaemla. Slices donated by healthy were trimmed uniform size preserved slow freezing liquid nitrogen up 2 months one following cryoprotectants: dimethylsuiphoxide,...

To assess whether bacterial vaginosis affects the rates of conception and miscarriage in first trimester.Cohort study.Assisted unit a teaching hospital Leeds.867 consecutive women undergoing vitro fertilisation.Screening for with Gram stained vaginal smear before egg collection.The presence or normal flora, rate trimester.190 771 (24.6%) had vaginosis. No difference was found between those flora: 61 (32.1%) 146 493 (29.6%) respectively (relative risk 1. 08, 95% confidence interval 0.85 to...

Pyruvate and glucose uptake by 73 individual human oocytes preimplantation embryos was measured non-invasively, using an ultramicrofluorescence assay to analyse changes in substrate levels microdroplets of culture medium. The both substrates over successive daily incubations between days 1 (unfertilized oocytes) or 2 ('spare' which were not transferred) day 6 (day 0 = insemination). Under these conditions, 58% (25/43) fertilized with two pronuclei on developed the blastocyst stage 6....

Pregnancies achieved from oocyte, sperm or embryo donation are unique, since they have resulted donor gametes that immunologically foreign to the mother. Thus, studying obstetric outcome of such pregnancies may shed some light on pathophysiology preeclampsia, particularly in women conceiving with donated embryos, entire fetal genome is allogenic these pregnancies. In this retrospective cohort study, a total 144 were studied. Of these, 72 infertility patients who had conceived as result...

Treatment with buserelin, an agonist of luteinising hormone releasing hormone, and human menopausal gonadotrophin was compared the conventional treatment clomiphene citrate in outcome vitro fertilisation. Seventy seven infertile women had 83 cycles buserelin gonadotrophin, concurrently another 328 were treated gonadotrophin. Seven (8%) cancelled owing to inadequate superovulation or ovarian hyperstimulation receiving 103 (31%) because poor follicular development those citrate. The mean...

Violence has been explicitly identified as a significant public health problem. This glossary clarifies widely used definitions and concepts of violence within the field, building on those promoted through 2002 World Report Health. We provide that can be usefully applied to identify points for intervention prevent social impacts violence.

Violence continues to grow as a priority for public health practitioners, particularly its causes and consequences become better understood the potential roles are articulated. This article provides context "Violence: glossary (part 1)" published in last issue of this journal, updates some data, concepts population approaches presented 2002 World report on violence health. The paper addresses following questions: What is magnitude global burden injury from violence? Is resilience important?...

To examine the incidence of ectopic pregnancy over period 1966 to 1996.England and Wales.Use official statistics on hospital discharges, maternities, legal abortions estimated populations women aged 15-44 years.Incidence rates pregnancies.Between 1970 1994 1996 recorded increased 4.5-fold from 3.45 15.5 per 1000 3.8-fold 3.25 12.4 pregnancies 3.1-fold 30.2 94.8 100,000 15-44. The rate increase was not uniform. Incidence approximately doubled between 1985, when data collection system changed....

The purpose of this study was to explore the frequency, nature and extent workplace bullying in a health care organisation New South Wales. survey methodology achieved 79% response rate (n = 311). Overall, 155 respondents (50%) reported that they had experienced one or more forms behaviour past 12 months. largest source peers fellow workers (49%), followed by clients (42%) managers supervisors (38%). Only 36% who been bullied formally episode. level unexpectedly high will require development...

Hormonal changes may be important in the onset and clearance of bacterial vaginosis. We studied vaginal flora serum oestradiol levels 55 women at baseline during hormonal treatment. None developed vaginosis (BV) from normal flora, 69% had increasing to 91% following The mean level with BV was 39.07 ng/L compared 176.41 flora. Non-smokers a 173.95 118.67 smokers. Recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone resulted rise 113.9 ng/L. 330.4 improved but only 15.1 persistently abnormal or worsening...

Urine deposited by grazing animals represents the largest source of N2O emissions in New Zealand. Sheep-grazed hill pastures are an important component Zealand pastoral land, but information on from these areas is limited. The purpose this study was to investigate effect increasing rates fertiliser nitrogen and a nitrification inhibitor urine patches. carried out grazed paddock-scale trials at Ballantrae Invermay Research Stations, N treatments were 0, 100, 300 750 (500 for Invermay) kg...

This randomized controlled trial investigated whether delaying human chorionic gonadotrophin hormone (hCG) administration within an IVF cycle impacts upon clinical outcomes. Participants included 125 women undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles at Leeds Centre for Reproductive Medicine. Subjects were aged 20–36 years, body mass index (BMI) 20–30 kg/m2 with a normal FSH level (<8 IU/l). Administration of hCG took place 35–36 h prior to oocyte retrieval when there ≥3 follicles ≥17 mm in diameter (Group...

Women's liberation and the sexual revolution have changed social landscape for heterosexual women in West over past 50 years, but exploration of women's lived experiences contraceptive use context their lives is comparatively recent. We conducted 94 in-depth open-ended interviews with reproductive age (16-49 years) living New South Wales, Australia. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim analysed using an inductive thematic approach. Four major themes are explored here: (1)...

In a multicultural nation such as Australia, it is important for young people from migrant and refugee backgrounds to have access quality relationships sexuality education, they are known be less well engaged with mainstream services. A study was undertaken explore the complexities opportunities engaging this group sexual reproductive health information care in Sydney, Australia. Interviews were 27 (aged 16–24 years), 34 expert informants. Relationships education dominant theme throughout...

A questionnaire was sent to all Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority-registered reproductive medicine centres throughout the UK survey their policy for diagnosis management of antisperm antibodies. Forty-eight responses were received from 74 units that use husbands' spermatozoa treatments (65%). Most at least one test detect antibodies, although a minority perform no tests on basis clinical practice would be unaltered if antibodies present. Positive are classed as clinically...

Contraception is a field in which good doctor-patient communication crucial and core to shared decision making. Despite the centrality of contraception primary health care Australia, little known about how doctors manage contraceptive consultation. In particular, discuss sexual issues related contraception.Fifteen providers participated qualitative interviews averaging 45 min. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, analysed using an inductive thematic approach.We found aware...

Intimate partner violence (IPV) routine screening is widely implemented, yet the evidence for pathways to impact remains unclear. Of 32 abused women interviewed 16 weeks after antenatal IPV screening, 24 reported positive impact, six nil and two negative impact. Using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), key conditions were care in asking, support validation from midwife. Lack of these lack continuity relevant Benefits included naming abuse, connection, unburdening, taking steps safety,...

Wintering cows on forage crops leads to urine being excreted onto wet, compacted soils, which can result in significant emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O). A field trial was conducted determine the N2O emission factor (EF3; proportion urine-N lost as N2O-N) for dairy wintered a kale crop poorly drained soil. Urine collected from non-lactating diet and applied at 550 kg N ha−1 artificially soil simulate trampling non-compacted field. Cumulative losses over four months were 7.38 2.64 N2O-N to,...

Abstract Background: Rubella infection during the first trimester results in congenital rubella syndrome. There has been little recent published evidence identifying those at‐risk of pregnancy. This study examined level immunity pregnant women a part Sydney and risk factors for non‐immunity. Methods: We looked at data on all confinements two maternity hospitals 2‐year period between July 1999 June 2001. Variables included our set mother's country birth, date hospital status (public or...

A study (2004–11) of a dairy catchment stream entering an oligotrophic lake in area very high rainfall (~5 m year–1) yielded median concentrations total nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (TP), suspended sediment (SS) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) 0.584, 0.074 3.7 g m–3, 405/100 mL (most probable number method), respectively. Trend analysis indicated significant (P &lt; 0.01) decreases for TN (–0.08 ± 0.02 m–3 year–1), TP (–0.01 0.005 SS (–0.45 0.14 were partly attributable to improved exclusion...