Traditionally, superconductors are categorized as type-I or type-II. Type-I support only Meissner and normal states, while type-II form magnetic vortices in sufficiently strong applied fields. Recently there has been much interest superconducting systems with several species of condensates, fields ranging from Condensed Matter to High Energy Physics. Here we show that the type-I/type-II classification is insufficient for such multicomponent superconductors. We obtain solutions representing...

We show that in multiband superconductors even small interband proximity effect can lead to a qualitative change the interaction potential between superconducting vortices by producing long-range intervortex attraction. This type of vortex results unusual response low magnetic fields leading phase separation into domains two-component Meissner states and droplets.

In contrast to single-component superconductors, which are described at the level of Ginzburg-Landau theory by a single parameter \kappa and divided in type-I \kappa<1/\sqrt{2} type-II \kappa>1/\sqrt{2} classes, two-component systems general possess three fundamental length scales have been shown separate "type-1.5" superconducting state. that state, as consequence extra scale, vortices attract one another long range but repel shorter ranges, therefore should form clusters low magnetic...

It is shown that under certain conditions, three-component superconductors (and, in particular, three-band systems) allow stable topological defects different from vortices. We demonstrate the existence of these excitations, characterized by a $\mathbb{C}{P}^{2}$ invariant, models for with broken time-reversal symmetry. term ``chiral $G{L}^{(3)}$ skyrmions,'' where ``chiral'' refers to fact due symmetry, come inequivalent left- and right-handed versions. In cases, objects are energetically...

Nuclear binding energies are investigated in two variants of the Skyrme model: first replaces usual term with a that is sixth order derivatives, and second includes potential quartic pion fields. Solitons model shown to deviate significantly from ansätze previously assumed literature. The obtained both models lower than those standard model, close experimental values.

A point particle approximation to the classical dynamics of well separated vortices abelian Higgs model is developed. static vortex asymptotically identical a solution linearized field theory (a Klein-Gordon/Proca theory) in presence singular source at centre. It shown that this composite scalar monopole and magnetic dipole, respective charges are determined numerically for various values coupling constant. The interaction potential two computed by calculating Lagrangian such sources linear...

A spatially-discrete sine-Gordon system with some novel features is described. There a topological or Bogomol'nyi lower bound on the energy of kink, and an explicit static kink which saturates this bound. no Peierls potential barrier, consequently motion simpler, especially at low speeds. At higher speeds, it radiates slows down.

A bstract The Skyrme model is extended with the Maxwell action and a source term for gauge field. We consider specialized case of vanishing isospin states, such that only an electric potential turned on study backreaction onto fields. In particular, we Skyrmions baryon numbers B = 4, 8, 12, 16 40. find, in agreement physical expectations, Coulomb most pronounced large find furthermore dynamics theory more sensitive to than ground states (global minimizers energy). Calibrating Carbon-12,...

Abstract A method is developed to compute minimal energy vortex lattices in a general Ginzburg-Landau model of superconductor subjected an applied magnetic field. The may have any number components and be spatially anisotropic. novelty this that it makes no assumptions about the orientation lines or period vectors lattice’s unit cell: these are all determined dynamically. Methods first second critical fields, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll">...

A spatially discrete version of the general kink-bearing nonlinear Klein-Gordon model in (1 + 1) dimensions is constructed which preserves topological lower bound on kink energy. It proved that, provided lattice spacing h sufficiently small, there exist static solutions attaining this centred anywhere relative to spatial lattice. Hence no Peierls-Nabarro (PN) barrier impeding propagation kinks system. An upper derived and given a physical interpretation terms radiation The construction,...

We demonstrate that, in contrast to the single-component Abrikosov vortex, two-component superconductors vortex solutions with exponentially screened magnetic field exist only exceptional cases: case of vortices carrying an integer number flux quanta, and a special parameter limit for half-quantum vortices. For all other parameters have delocalized slowly decaying tail. Furthermore, we new effect which is generic systems but has no counterpart systems: on exactly half space $U(1)\times U(1)$...

One problem in the application of Skyrme model to nuclear physics is that it predicts too large a value for compression modulus matter. Here we investigate thermodynamics BPS at zero temperature and calculate its equation state. Among other results, find classically (i.e. without taking into account quantum corrections) compressibility Skyrmions is, fact, infinite, corresponding modulus. This suggests inclusion submodel Lagrangian may significantly reduce this too-large value, providing...

The baby Skyrme model is studied with a novel choice of potential, $V=\frac{1}{2}{\ensuremath{\phi}}_{3}^{2}$. This ``easy plane'' potential vanishes at the equator target two-sphere. Hence, in contrast to previously cases, boundary value field breaks residual $SO(2)$ internal symmetry model. Consequently, even unit charge Skyrmion has only discrete and consists bound state two half lumps. A long-range inter-Skyrmion forces developed wherein pictured as single scalar dipole inducing massless...

The baby Skyrme model is a (2+1)-dimensional analogue of the model, in which baryons are described by topological solitons. We introduce version global O (3) symmetry broken to dihedral group D N . It found that single soliton this theory composed partons topologically confined. case =3 studied some detail and multi-soliton solutions computed related polyiamonds, plane figures equilateral triangles joined common edges. shown solitons may be viewed as pieces doubly periodic lattice. proved,...

A bstract An omega-meson extension of the Skyrme model — without term but including pion mass first considered by Adkins and Nappi is studied in detail for baryon numbers 1 to 8. The static problem reformulated as a constrained energy minimisation within natural geometric framework analytically on compact domains, numerically Euclidean space. Using second-order Newton flow algorithm, classical minimisers are constructed various values omegapion coupling. At high coupling, these Skyrmion...

A discrete system is proposed which preserves the topological lower bound on kink energy. Existence of static solutions saturating this and occupying any position relative to lattice proved. Consequently, kinks model experience no Peierls - Nabarro barrier, can move freely through without being pinned. Numerical simulations reveal that dynamics in significantly less dissipative than conventional system, so even extremely coarse lattices behaves much like its continuum counterpart. It argued,...

A simple model of the dynamics lightly bound skyrmions is developed in which are replaced by point particles, each carrying an internal orientation. The accounts well for static energy minimizers baryon number $1\leq B\leq 8$ obtained numerical simulation full field theory. For $9\leq 23$, a large solutions particle found, all closely resembling size $B$ subsets face centred cubic lattice, with orientations dictated colouring rule. Rigid body quantization these performed, and spin isospin...

The structure of vortex lattices for unconventional superconductors is mostly unknown and a mathematically challenging problem. authors propose general method to find any superconducting system. They focus on the example nematic superconductors, demonstrating that in an external magnetic field such form chains fractional vortices. Their approach, by describing geometry unit cell, directly maps signal exhibit muon spin rotation experiments, producing powerful tool study order parameter.

A bstract We investigate the ground state crystalline structure of nuclear matter in ω -meson variant Skyrme model. After minimizing energy with respect to variations both field and period lattice, we find four distinct periodic solutions which are similar those found standard use these crystals calculate coefficients Bethe-Weizsäcker semi-empirical mass formula compression modulus infinite matter, a significant improvement as compared other variants

The static baby Skyrme model is investigated in the extreme limit where energy functional contains only potential and terms, but not Dirichlet term. It shown that with possesses solutions extremely unusual localization properties, which we call semi-compactons. These minimize degree 1 homotopy class, have support contained a semi-infinite rectangular strip decay along length of as x−log x. By gluing together several semi-compactons, it every class has linearly stable arbitrarily high,...

We investigate the magnetic response of nematic superconductors, presenting a new approach to find vortex and skyrmion structures beyond symmetry-constraining Ansätze. Using this we show that superconductors form distinctive stripes. Our lends itself accurate determination field distribution for muon spin rotation probes. use structure manifests as double peak in distribution, markedly different from signal standard lattices.