The degradation mechanism of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membranes under VFB operating conditions was clarified, which is highly beneficial for improving the chemical stability hydrocarbon ion exchange membranes.

Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with excellent stability and high ion conductivity are fabricated via the formation of internal cross linking networks. The crosslinking networks constructed by reacting 4,4′‐bipyridine chloromethylated polysulfone. bipyridine group simultaneously functions as ionic conductor linker in this system. performance membrane is tuned controlling content casting solution. prepared demonstrate chemical under acidic conditions. As a consequence, show very promising for...

Abstract Anion exchange membranes prepared from quaternized poly(tetramethyl diphenyl ether sulfone) (QAPES) were first investigated in the context of vanadium flow battery (VFB) applications. The showed an impressive suppression effect on ions. recorded permeability was 0.02×10 −7 –0.09×10 cm 2 min −1 , which two orders magnitude lower than that Nafion 115. self‐discharge duration a VFB single cell with QAPES membrane is four times longer morphological difference hydrophilic domains between...

An ultrathin Nafion film was introduced onto the poly(ether sulfone) (PES)-sulfonated ether ketone) (SPEEK) porous membranes for vanadium flow battery (VFB) application. The composite showed very high ion selectivity, good stability and excellent performance (energy efficiency 86.5% at 80 mA cm(-2)) in VFB.

Small-molecule inhibitors are promising for achieving area-selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) due to their excellent compatibility with industrial processes. In this work, we report on growth inhibition during ALD of Al2O3 a SiO2 surface functionalized small-molecule aminosilane inhibitors. The was prefunctionalized bis(dimethylamino)dimethylsilane (BDMADMS) and (N,N-dimethylamino)trimethylsilane (DMATMS) through solution the vapor phase. using dimethylaluminum isopropoxide (DMAI) H2O...

A solvent-template method is proposed for manufacturing ion conducting membranes (ICMs) with controlled transport channels (in nano-scale) vanadium flow battery (VFB) application. As a result, the properties and single cell performance of ICMs could be easily tuned by this method. The VFB assembled prepared achieved CE over 99% EE 92% when operated under current density 40 mA cm−2, which among excellent performances ever studied porous ICMs. in article promising fabricating high as well...

Cations can achieve excellent hydration lubrication at smooth interfaces under both microscale and macroscale conditions due to the boundary layer composed of shells surrounding charges, but what about anions? Commonly used friction pairs are negatively charged solid/solution interface. Achieving anionic adsorption through constructing positively surfaces is a prerequisite for studying anions. Here we report anions adsorbed on polymer/sapphire interface acidic electrolyte solutions with pH...

In this work we presented a general strategy for the fabrication of membranes with well-defined ions transport channels through solvent-responsive layer-by-layer assembly (SR-LBL). Multilayered poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and (acrylic acid) (PAA) complexes were first introduced on inner pore wall surface sulfonated (ether ether ketone)/poly sulfone) (PES/SPEEK) nanofiltration to form tuned radius. This type are highly efficient separators batteries especially vanadium flow...

Poly(ether sulfone) (PES) porous membranes with tunable morphology were fabricated via a phase inversion method and applied in vanadium flow batteries (VFBs). The of the PES membrane was adjusted by changing polymer concentration blending hydrophilic sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) cast solution. relationship between performance VFBs investigated detail. results indicated that increasing solution, number macrovoids gradually decreased finger-like pores became larger. A higher...

Counterion adsorption at the solid-liquid interface affects numerous applications. However, counterion density in Stern layer has remained poorly evaluated. Here we report direct determination of surface charge shear plane between and diffuse layer. By Grahame equation extension streaming current measurements for different solid surfaces aqueous electrolytes, are able to obtain layer, which is mainly related but less affected by bulk ion concentration. The inversion concentration further...

The authors have investigated the surface reaction mechanisms during atomic layer deposition (ALD) of ZrO2 from tetrakis(ethylmethylamino)zirconium (TEMAZ) with H2O, C2H5OH, and H2O-C2H5OH mixture as oxygen sources. ligand-exchange reactions were characterized using in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, film growth was recorded four-wavelength ellipsometry. In H2O-based ALD process, expected, –OH groups reactive sites for TEMAZ, a per cycle (GPC) ∼1.1 Å...

The mechanism for growth initiation on the nongrowth surface during area-selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes is not well understood. In this study, we examine ALD of ZrO2 a SiO2 functionalized with alkylated-aminosilane inhibitors delivered from vapor phase. films were deposited by using tetrakis(ethylmethylamino)zirconium(IV) H2O as coreactant. situ infrared spectroscopy shows that aminosilane react almost all —SiOH groups forming Si—O—Si bonds. four-wavelength ellipsometry no...

Selective functionalization of dielectric surfaces is required for area-selective atomic layer deposition and etching. We have identified precursors the selective gas-phase plasma-deposited SiO2 SiNx with hydrocarbons. The corresponding reaction mechanism precursor molecules two was studied using in situ surface infrared spectroscopy. show that at a substrate temperature 70 °C, cyclic azasilanes preferentially react an −OH-terminated over −NHx-terminated attachment selectivity ∼5.4, which...

Monocrystalline Si solar cells are fabricated from Czochralski (Cz) Si, which contains 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">17</sup> -10 xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">18</sup> cm xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> oxygen atoms. Cz undergoes degradation during high-temperature thermal processing steps, such as dopant diffusion to form the p-n junction. This in bulk minority carrier lifetime can be...

Polymer materials are used increasingly in marine machinery and equipment; their tribological properties effect on the water environment have garnered significant attention. We investigate of or seawater containing powder tribology electrochemistry polymer materials. A friction test involving nylon 66 (PA66) an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) pin–disc (aluminum alloy) is performed with/without powder, solution analyzed electrochemically. The results show that UHMWPE improved...

Area-selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) of dielectrics on chemically similar growth and nongrowth surfaces is very challenging. In this study, we use aminosilane inhibitors to achieve selective blocking ALD Al2O3 plasma-deposited SiO2 versus SiNx. The SiNx were exposed bis(dimethylamino)dimethylsilane followed by (N,N-dimethylamino)trimethylsilane through the vapor phase at 150 °C. At same substrate temperature, films grown using dimethylaluminum isoproxide H2O. situ surface infrared...

During area-selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) based on growth inhibitors, nucleation eventually occurs as the metal precursor reacts with surface through secondary pathways. We show that ALD of Al2O3 functionalized SiO2 can be significantly delayed by using a lower reactivity, heteroleptic at well below saturation dose.

Based on the non-relativistic theory and dipole approximation, we have developed a new program to study interaction between circularly polarized laser hydrogen atoms. In this paper, present our calculation of above-threshold ionization (ATI) rate based code compare results with that pertubation calculation. The comparison shows non-perturbative calculations can produce ATI peak suppression.

Polymers are widely used in wading sports equipment because of their excellent friction reducing and wear-resisting properties. In equipment, electromagnetic control is often to manipulate the switch operation underwater so that moving pair wear debris generated by will change under action magnetic field. We studied effects particles field strength on properties ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) nylon 66 (PA66) material solution environments. The main conclusions this paper...