Pile scour is the main cause of bridge failure. A physical model used in this research to study around a group piles clear-water conditions. The examined changes stream bed, volume and area holes due pile spacing arrangements. For purpose, width, length depth hole variation also channel bed formation owing groups, their arrangement were studied. An experimental with 10 m, width 0.83 m 0.5 was used. covered medium-sized uniform sediments for 0.9 mm. discharge flow velocity adjusted In each...

The study of heavy metals' redistribution between different fractions allows to know their bioavailability and mobility in soils. Soil samples were collected from a lead mine Hamadan provinces, NW Iran. In factorial experiment soil was treated with cow, sheep poultry manures (20 g kg−1 soil) separately incubated near field capacity at 10°C 37°C. An untreated (as control) also the same temperatures. After 0 120 days, sequential extraction scheme used fractionate Pb into soluble-exchangeable...

Along with the technology development and increasing consumption of water resources, we are experiencing low qualities in mentioned resources. Copper brings about serious environment al pollution, threatening human health ecosystem. This metal found variously resources industrial activities. Therefore, it needs to treat from these excessive amounts. Different methods have used for this reason but most method during recent years has been absorption by economic absorbers such as sand. Rapid...

One of the most important conflicts that shaft spillways have to deal with is vortex formation. This phenomenon leads some unfavorable effects such as vibration in body structures, air entrainment and reduced overflow capacity spillway. Among all solutions for disrupted formation, an innovative one called circular piano-key spillway, based upon piano key weir principles has not been noticed well other solutions. Hence, this study, experiments were conducted on spillway models. Results showed...

The piano key weir (PKW) is a type of nonlinear control structure that can be used to increase unit discharge over linear overflow geometries, particularly when the footprint area restricted To predict outflow passing weir, coefficient in general equation needs known. This paper presents results laboratory model testing located on straight open channel flume hydraulic Bu-Ali Sina University. estimated by using four computational intelligence approaches, namely, feed forward back-propagation...

River flow is an essential parameter in hydrology and water resources studies with mutual interaction climate elements. So, studying the discharge change trend rivers crucial for management programs design of irrigation drainage systems. In present study, river data measured at six hydrological stations Neka (Ablu, Golverd, SefidChah) Tajan (KordKhil, Rigcheshmeh, Soleimantangeh) Mazandaran Province have been studied by using Mann-Kendall test, age regression analysis during statistical...

Due to the frequent climatic changes occurring worldwide, which are related extreme meteorological parameters as well human activities, it is obvious that these influence flow regimes of rivers. River most important factor determining hydrological regime any river. This has a substantial on water resources and environment surrounding Hydrotechnical structures also dimensioned basis primary input parameter. The conditions have different properties correlations with material river bed. In this...

Broad-crested weirs are structures used to measure and control the water flows in rivers, canals, irrigation drainage networks.Accurate estimation of spillway discharge is one most striking elements measurement structures.So far, many researchers have studied this issue based on various experimental conditions a specific range optional variables.They also presented several relations.In present study, 113 data sets Bos were for applicability Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Gene expression...

Granular media including rapid gravity sand filters are used in water and wastewater treatments. When clogged due to deposits of particles particul-bound pollutants, it will lead head loss under this situation is necessary perform filter backwashing. Prediction the major focus study.  To meet primary ojective study, a single-layer with sandy was tested inflow containing different concentrations (Pb). The amount deposited sediments resulting were simulated by combination Karman-Cozeny, Rose...