Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have drawn significant consideration as a competing cell technology because of the drastic advance in their power conversion efficiency (PCE) over last two decades. The interfaces between electron transport layer (ETL) and absorber hole (HTL) major impact on performance PSCs. In this paper, we investigated defect ETL/absorber layer/HTL calibrated experimental lead-based lead-free influence is studied order to find optimum value for maximum possible PCE. While...

The residential sector of Pakistan is a prime consumer energy. With the fossil fuel-dependent energy generation setup and an increasing supply–demand gap, headed towards fiasco. Therefore, drastic measures are required to enhance efficiency buildings in Pakistan. current study aimed numerically investigate performance enhancement by integrating Phase Change Materials (PCM) building envelopes five major cities having different climates. numerical computations carried out open-source...

The study presents a meshless computational approach for simulating the three-dimensional multi-term time-fractional mobile-immobile diffusion equation in Caputo sense. methodology combines stable Crank-Nicolson time-integration scheme with definition of derivative to discretize problem temporal direction. spatial function is approximated using inverse multiquadric radial basis function. solution on set scattered or uniform nodes, resulting sparse and well-conditioned coefficient matrix....

Energy security is one of the main factors in development and diffusion microgrid applications. In networks operating without storage, operation their systems greatly affected by sudden load demand intermittent generation fluctuations. The purposes using energy storage microgrids are stabilizing renewable sources locally, to ensure that production matches demands, participating frequency regulation process, maintaining balance between microgrids, increasing reliability. This study...

Two-terminalt and tandem solar-cells have a high efficiency of power conversion. One their main limitations is the operating current density as two-terminal solar-cell equivalent to electrically connected series subcells. Increasing top absorber layer's thickness will lead an increase in subcell decrease bottom subcell's current. The with minimum forces cell operate at its value, limiting overall performance. In this paper, proposed solution for such problem introduced using consisting...

Abstract In the current research article, two-dimensional, incompressible, steady fluid flow is considered. The heat transfer rate of water-based aggregated between converging/diverging channels shrinking/stretching walls due to effects thermal radiation has been examined. strong static magnetic field applied perpendicular radial direction. modeled governing equations are transformed into non-linear dimensionless ordinary differential by considering appropriate similarity transformations....

The primary purpose of recent research on solar cells is to achieve a higher power conversion efficiency with stable characteristics. To push the developments photovoltaic (PV) technology, tandem are being intensively researched, as they have (PCE) than single-junction cells. Perovskite (PSCs) recently used top cell thanks their tunable energy gap, high short circuit current, and low cost fabrication. One main challenges in PSCs stability issue. Carbon perovskite (CPSCs) without hole...

Tandem solar cells have a superb potential to push the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of photovoltaic technologies. They can be also more stable and economical. In this simulation work, an efficient perovskite cell (PSC) with Spiro-OMeTAD as hole transport material (HTM) no electron (ETM) replace traditional PSC structure is presented. This then used top sub together copper indium gallium sulfide (CIGS) bottom build tandem cell. The multi-junction behavior improved by engineering...

The primary purpose of recent research has been to achieve a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) with stable characteristics, either through experimental studies or modeling and simulation. In this study, theoretical analysis an efficient perovskite solar cell (PSC) cuprous oxide (Cu2O) as the hole transport material (HTM) zinc oxysulfide (ZnOS) electron (ETM) was proposed replace traditional HTMs ETMs. addition, impact doping layer investigated. results show that heterostructure n-p...

Pakistan is a developing country that faces severe energy crises due to the increased use of energy. The purpose this study transition by designing strategy for adoption renewable policies in entire system using all resources forecast future needs and carbon emission mitigation potential. This research aims evaluate analyze ways secure sources LEAP. established path transformation considering potential resources, cost system, primary supply. highest value demand noted 1st scenario, while...

This paper presents a study of tandem Perovskite/CIGS cell, its performance parameters, and the effect temperature variations on these parameters. The variation each sub-cell short-circuit current density value with absorption thickness perovskite (top) has been done to find matching point, as two sub-cells equivalent series cells. combining shows ability absorb photons spectrum up 1120 nm perform conversion efficiency about 30.5% (at room temperature) higher than sub-cell. from 260 K 360...

The modern world moves toward new inventions by using nanotechnology and solar thermal radiations. On Earth, the Sun is leading source of energy having a wider range applications. These can be found in power plates (SPP), photovoltaic cells (PVC), aircraft, lighting. Therefore, study organized to analyze improve efficiency nanofluid over permeable convective surface. used synthesized γ-nanoparticles water. A theoretical experiment conducted constitutive relation for momentum modeled. model...

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect temperature and wind speed on performance five photovoltaic (PV) module technologies for different climatic zones Pakistan. PV selected were mono-crystalline silicon (MC); poly-crystalline (PC); heterogeneous intrinsic thin-film (TFH); copper–indium–allium–selenide (TFC); amorphous (TFA). actual efficiency calculated using measured data one year. MC, PC, TFH, TFC, TFA decreases by 3.4, 3.1, 2.2, 3.7, 2.7%, respectively, considering...

This research study presents an approach for analysis of pico hydro waterwheels by both experimental and numerical methods. The purpose this is to harness the energy efficiently from flowing water irrigation channels other shallow sources in rural areas because electrification through connection grid electricity very costly. novelty work lies testing waterwheel as a high-speed device, which not usually explored. review existing literature reveals that have been extensively studied but...

A new control scheme is proposed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment based on ANFIS technology using ROBO2L MATLAB toolbox with RSI to motion of real KUKA robot. In detail, system has two subsystems designed for trajectory tracking error regulation closed-loop control. One a fuzzy logic controller, and other an controller. These controllers were used velocity robot located inside Hochschule Bochum laboratory. The testing process these was done by switching between FLC then studying each...

The article reports an experimental study on a non-tracking compound parabolic collector (CPC) with nanofluid and hybrid nanofluids (NFs). An setup was fabricated having concentration ratio of 4.17, 0.828 m 2 area, 24° half acceptance angle, evacuated tube receiver 1.85 length. Fluids like water NFs have been investigated in CPC performance improvement, but current research deals as rare studies are found using NFs. 0.010 0.015 wt% were used (NFs) which silica/water + ethylene glycol (SiO...