A5069696309- Ethics in Clinical Research
- Biomedical Ethics and Regulation
- Ethics in medical practice
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Healthcare cost, quality, practices
- Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Disaster Response and Management
- Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare
- Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Prenatal Screening and Diagnostics
- Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
- Reproductive Health and Technologies
- Global Security and Public Health
- Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Privacy, Security, and Data Protection
- Poxvirus research and outbreaks
- Race, Genetics, and Society
- Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data
- Employment and Welfare Studies
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
National University of Singapore
2016-2025
Institute of Medical Ethics
2018-2024
Singapore College of Traditional Chinese Medicine
2022
University of Bergen
2021
University of Groningen
2021
University of Denver
2021
University of Oxford
2010-2021
University of Pennsylvania
2021
Science Oxford
2021
UnitedHealth Group (United States)
2021
The Fair Priority Model offers a practical way to fulfill pledges distribute vaccines fairly and equitably
The current prevailing view is that participation in biomedical research above and beyond the call of duty. While some commentators have offered reasons against this, we propose a novel public goods argument for an obligation to participate research. Biomedical knowledge good, available any individual even if does not contribute it. Participation critical way support important good. Consequently, all duty participate. social norm individuals only they good reason do so. implies should unless...
The prospect of consumable meat produced in a laboratory setting without the need to raise and slaughter animals is both realistic exciting. Not only could such vitro become popular due potential cost savings, but it also avoids many ethical environmental problems with traditional productions. However, as any new technology, likely face some detractors. We examine detail three objections: 1) disrespectful, either nature or animals; 2) will reduce number happy world; 3) open door cannibalism....
Ethical decision-making frameworks assist in identifying the issues at stake a particular setting and thinking through, methodical manner, ethical that require consideration as well values need to be considered promoted. Decisions made about use, sharing, re-use of big data are complex laden with values. This paper sets out an Ethics Framework for Big Data Health Research developed by working group convened Science, Policy-relevant Singapore (SHAPES) Initiative. It presents aim rationale...
Some have objected to human enhancement on the grounds that it violates autonomy of enhanced. These objections, however, overlook interesting possibility itself could be How, exactly, enhance is a difficult problem due numerous and diverse accounts in literature. Existing rely narrow controversial conceptions autonomy. However, we identify one feature common many mainstream accounts: reasoning ability. Autonomy can then enhanced by improving people's ability, particular through cognitive...
The COVID-19 pandemic has both exposed and created deep rifts in society. It thrust us into ethical thinking to help justify the difficult decisions many will be called upon make protect from that lack underpinnings. This paper aims highlight issues six different areas of life highlighting enormity task we are faced with globally. In context COVID-19, consider health inequity, dilemmas triage allocation scarce resources, associated research, considerations relating tracing apps, exit...
The predominant view is that a study using health data observational research and should require individual consent unless it can be shown gaining impractical. But recent arguments have been made citizens an ethical obligation to share their information for purposes. In our view, this sufficient ground expand the circumstances where secondary use with identifiable permitted without explicit subject consent. As such, some studies Institutional Review Board/Research Ethics Committee review...
Recent developments in genetic technologies have provided prospective parents with increasing opportunities to influence their future child’s phenotype. This study aimed understand public attitudes towards gene-based and services, a particular focus on improving educational outcomes. We conducted cross-sectional survey among Singaporean population (n=1438), adapting instrument previously used the US context. Our results suggested that Singaporeans had greater moral acceptance of, willingness...
Moral enhancement is an ostensibly laudable project. Who wouldn't want people to become more moral? Still, the project's approach crucial. We can distinguish between two approaches for moral enhancement: direct and indirect. Direct enhancements aim at bringing about particular ideas, motives or behaviors. Indirect enhancements, by contrast, making reliably produce morally correct behaviors without committing content of those and/or actions. I will argue, on Millian grounds, that value...
Abstract Background We aimed to examine the ethical concerns Singaporeans have about sharing health-data for precision medicine (PM) and identify suggestions governance strategies. Just as Asian genomes are under-represented in PM, views of populations risks benefits data prior attitudinal research. Methods conducted seven focus groups with 62 participants Singapore from May July 2019. They were three languages (English, Mandarin Malay) analysed qualitative content thematic analysis. Results...
As opposed to a 'one size fits all' approach, precision medicine uses relevant biological (including genetic), medical, behavioural and environmental information about person further personalize their healthcare. This could mean better prediction of someone's disease risk more effective diagnosis treatment if they have condition. Big data allows for far tailoring than was ever before possible by linking together diverse datasets reveal hitherto-unknown correlations causal pathways. But it...
Abstract COVID-19 vaccines are likely to be scarce for years come. Many countries, from India the U.K., have demonstrated vaccine nationalism. What ethical limits this nationalism? Neither extreme nationalism nor cosmopolitanism is ethically justifiable. Instead, we propose fair priority residents (FPR) framework, in which governments can retain doses their only extent that they needed maintain a noncrisis level of mortality while implementing reasonable public health interventions....
The right to withdraw from participation in research is recognized virtually all national and international guidelines for on human subjects. It therefore surprising that there has been little justification the literature. We argue should protect participants information imbalance, inability hedge, inherent uncertainty, untoward bodily invasion, it serves bolster public trust enterprise. Although this argument not radical, provides a useful way determine how be applied various cases.
This paper argues that one problem besets black-box AI is it lacks algorithmic justifiability. We argue the norm of shared decision making in medical care presupposes treatment decisions ought to be justifiable patient. Medical are patient only if they compatible with patient's values and preferences able see this so. Patient-directed justifiability threatened by AIs because lack rationale provided for makes difficult patients ascertain whether there adequate fit between values. achieving...
Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) have recently been used to inform reproductive decision-making in the context of embryonic screening. While this is yet be widespread, it contested and raises several challenges. This article provides an overview some ethical considerations that arise with using PRSs for embryo screening offers a series regulatory jurisdictions may wish permit future. These cover possible regulators tools, eligibility criteria, information education requirements need ongoing...
During the course of biomedical research, researchers sometimes obtain information on participants that is outside aim study but may nonetheless be relevant to participants. These incidental findings, as they are known, have been focus a substantial amount discussion in bioethics literature, and consensus has begun emerge about what should do light possibility findings. A consensus, however, not necessarily correct. In this article, we address common view reporting findings based primarily...
The future of health research will be characterised by three continuing trends: rising demand for data; increasing impracticability obtaining specific consent secondary research; and decreasing capacity to effectively anonymise data. In this context, governments, clinicians the community must demonstrate that they can responsible stewards IRBs RECs sit at heart process because in many jurisdictions have grant waivers when is judged particular value. However, several different terms are used...