Knowledge on the extent, distribution and mechanisms of insecticide resistance is essential for successful insecticide-based dengue control interventions. Here, we report an extensive profiling vectors Aedes aegypti albopictus across Malaysia establish contribution knockdown mechanism revealing significant contrast between both species. mosquitoes were collected from four states in 2010 using ovitraps tested against six major insecticides WHO bioassays. Knockdown (kdr) was investigated A...

Abstract The first experiments to clearly demonstrate that DNA techniques might be used detect predator–prey interactions between arthropods are reported. accurate modelling of such has depended until now upon a mixture laboratory experiments, population monitoring and biochemical tests. latter involve gut‐content analyses, have most recently the development prey‐specific monoclonal antibodies. Although these excellent for detecting predation on target prey, they impractical analysing prey...

Background The mosquito Ae. albopictus is usually adapted to the peri-domestic environment and typically breeds outdoors. However, we observed its larvae in most containers within homes northern peninsular Malaysia. To anticipate epidemiological implications of this indoor-breeding, assessed some fitness traits affecting vectorial capacity during colonization process. Specifically, examined whether exhibits increased survival, gonotrophic activity fecundity due potential increase blood...

Vector-borne diseases are worldwide public health issues. Despite research focused on vectorial capacity determinants in pathogen transmitting mosquitoes, their behavioural plasticity remains poorly understood. Memory and associative learning have been linked to changes several insect species, but relevance responses pesticide vector control has largely overlooked. In this study, female Aedes aegypti Culex quinquefasciastus were exposed sub-lethal doses of 5 compounds using modified World...

Discarded cigarette butts (DCB) waste occurs worldwide, pollutes landscapes, is unsightly, and results in added debris removal costs. There is, therefore, a great deal of current interest making use DCBs beneficial ways. Despite evidence that are harmful to water fleas (Daphnia magna), which breed aquatic environments as do mosquito larvae, their impact on dengue vectors unknown. We examined whether Aedes albopictus alters its ovipositional responses, larval eclosion, development response...

The survival and reproduction of the beetle Paederus fuscipes Curtis on diets that differed in macronutrient composition were investigated laboratory. sex organs females fed each test diet dissected to evaluate ovarian development over time. Adults a carbohydrate-rich lived longer than adults other diets, but this provided insufficient nutrients for reproduction. Females protein-rich had high fecundity; however, mean longevity reproductive adult P. significantly was shortened by 20-30 d...

Insecticide resistance has become a serious issue in vector management programs. Information on insecticidal and its associated mechanisms is important for successful insecticide management. The selection of colony permethrin-resistant Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae), originating from Penang Island, Malaysia, yielded high larval-specific to permethrin cross-resistance deltamethrin. Synergism assays showed that the major mechanism underlying this involves cytochrome P450...

To identify the unusual breeding sites of two dengue vectors, i.e. Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus) and aegypti aegypti). During second half 2010, we performed an occasional survey in rural (Teluk Tempoyak) urban (Gelugor) areas Penang Island, Malaysia, to cryptic sites. In area, found heterogeneous immature stages Ae. water bowl encaged bird. We also observed eggs deposited flush tank a toilet area. It can be concluded that both patterns increase contact with hosts (humans birds)...

The trend in chemical insecticide development has focused on improving the efficacy against mosquitoes while reducing environmental impact. Lethal lures apply an “attract-and-kill” strategy that draws insect to killing agent rather than bringing insect. In this study, mosquito oviposition pheromone was extracted from eggs of Aedes aegypti (L.) and further investigated with a combination granular temephos as lethal lure. compound caproic acid attracted significantly more egg-laying mosquitos...

The life history characteristics of the rove beetle Paederus fuscipes Curtis were studied under laboratory conditions using three field strains from Malaysia: Desa Wawasan (DW), Sri Pinang (SP), and Ampang Jajar (AJ). total development time immature stages differed significantly among strains, especially between DW (17.43 ± 0.16 d), SP (18.60 0.19 AJ (18.68 0.22 d). Adult females males also exhibited a shorter span, although difference was not significant. In terms fecundity, numbers eggs...

The effects of four temperatures (15, 23.5, 28, and 35°C) on the biological characteristics rove beetle Paederus fuscipes Curtis were studied, its cuticular permeability also was measured. Specimens successfully developed to adulthood at each temperature tested, but development time preadult stage significantly decreased with increasing temperature. Both egg L1 stages required least 80 degree days above a threshold ≈10°C develop subsequent stage. lengthy high survival rate preadults 15°C...

In this study, the toxicology of two commercial larvicides—cyromazine (Neporex 50SP) and ChCy (combination chlorpyrifos cypermethrin, Naga 505)—and five adulticides—thiamethoxam (Agita 10WG), cyfluthrin (Responsar WP), lambda-cyhalothrin (Icon 2.8EC), fipronil (Regent 50SC), imidacloprid (Toxilat 10WP)—was examined against WHO/VCRU (World Health Organization/ Vector Control Research Unit) susceptible strain AYTW (Ayer Tawar) field house fly, Musca domestica L. These pesticides were...

To understand the efficacy of ovitrap surveillance and its implementation on monitoring reflection upon case occurrence in relation to climate variables. We used routinely setup monitor mosquito populations previous outbreak areas. Ovitraps were installed weekly at three localities that experienced high number dengue cases (Flat Hamna, Kampung Sungai Gelugor Tanjung Tokong) from January 2010 February 2011. paddles brought back laboratory all water contents poured into an enamel pan. Aged tap...

Paederus fuscipes Curtis, a dermatitis linearis causing agent, has received increasing attention from the public, as it poses serious health threat after mass dispersal into human-dominated areas. Preventive measures against this insect have so far been unsuccessful partly because of limited knowledge about its pattern. In study, activity P. was studied at infestation-prone residential buildings in Mainland Penang, Malaysia. The showed two peaks, that is, February to April and August...

Objective: To evaluate the growth inhibition activity of crude extract Cyperus aromaticus (C.aromaticus) cultured cells against 3rd instar larvae Aedes aegypti (Linn.)and albopictus Skuse (Ae.albopictus) under laboratory conditions, and determine sublethal effects (EI 50 ) C. on some biological morphological parameters both mosquito species during two generations as well.Methods: The cell suspension cultures were activated from five callus lines (P4, Pa, Z1, Z6 Ml) derived root explants in...

The contact toxicity of four insecticide formulations (deltamethrin, fipronil, fenitrothion, and imidacloprid) applied on three different substrates (tile, plywood, concrete) against the adult rove beetle, Paederus fuscipes Curtis, was evaluated. relative order speed killing effects as follows: deltamethrin > imidacloprid fipronil fenitrothion. Although showed fastest action P. fuscipes, recovery rate beetles at 48 h posttreatment moderate (≈ 25%) tile surface to high (≈80%) plywood surface....

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) is a superfamily of enzymes that important in metabolism endogenous and exogenous compounds.In insects, these confer resistance to insecticides through its metabolic activities.Members from family 6 insects are known play role such function.In this study, we have isolated seven novel Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae), vector dengue chikungunya fever.Induction profile genes was studied using several xenobiotics.It found deltamethrin permethrin...

Background: The use of mosquito coils is a common method protection against bites and borne diseases. These are widely marketed used by households in Malaysia to prevent associated problems. Objective: To determine the bioefficacy commercial d-allethrin d-trans allethrin spatial repellents dengue vector Aedes aegypti. Method: We evaluated knockdown mortality effects containing (0.3% w/w) (0.1% 0.15% on Ae. aegypti Peet Grady Chamber, relative reference product (0.2% w/w d-allethrin)....

Aedes aegypti is the most important arboviral disease vector worldwide. In Africa, it exists as two morphologically distinct forms, often referred to subspecies, Aaa and Aaf. There a dearth of information on distribution genetic diversity these forms in Sudan other African Sahelian region countries. This study aimed explore subspecies using morphology Cytochrome oxidase-1 mitochondrial marker large zone Sudan. An extensive cross-sectional survey was performed. Samples collected from eight...

Abstract Although knowledge of the composition and genetic diversity disease vectors is important for their management, this limiting in many instances. In study, population structure phylogenetic relationship two Aedes aegypti subspecies namely ( Aaa ) formosus Aaf eight geographical areas Sudan were analyzed using seven microsatellite markers. Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) revealed that deviated from HWE among loci, while exhibited departure five loci no (A10 M201). The Factorial...