A novel way to study the species composition and diversity of nematode parasites in livestock is perform deep sequencing on composite samples containing a mixture different species. Herein we describe for first time community structures (nemabiomes) inhabiting Swedish sheep how these are/were affected by host age recent anthelmintic treatments. total 158 fecal were collected (n = 35 2007 n 123 2013-2016) cultured from groups 61 commercial farms south-central part country where most animals...

Anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasites of grazing ruminants is on the rise countries across world. Haemonchus contortus one most frequently encountered drug-resistant GINs small ruminants. This blood-sucking abomasal contributes to massive treatment costs and poses a serious threat farm animal health. To prevent establishment resistant strains this parasite, up-to-date molecular techniques need be proposed which would allow for quick, cheap accurate...

Wildlife hosts may serve as reservoirs for strongyles, which can be transmitted to domestic livestock. Therefore, studies evaluating nemabiome compositions in wildlife ruminants are of great use assessing the possibility transmission important nematode pathogens sheep Sweden. First, fecal samples were collected from roe deer (n = 125), fallow 106), red 18) and mouflon 13) south central Sweden during hunting season 2019. Second, after examination cultured larvae harvested, followed by DNA...

Culex pipiens Linnaeus and torrentium Martini (Diptera: Culicidae) are closely related vector species that exist sympatrically in Europe. The two morphologically almost identical can only be distinguished with certainty by characters of the male genitalia. Hence, correct identification conclusions on distribution status very difficult often neglected. Therefore, we developed a reliable simple mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene restriction enzyme assay to discriminate...

An enhanced sampling strategy for detection of gastrointestinal parasites sheep based on faecal covering approximately 10% the animals in flock was evaluated with focus major pathogen Haemonchus contortus. We also compared traditional diagnostics eggs counts (FEC) by microscopy DNA frozen faeces samples using a droplet digital (dd)PCR assay. The investigation carried out 2018 20 conventional and 19 organic flocks Sweden between 70 250 production ewes. On 76 different occasions total 810...

Cyathostominae are ubiquitous to grazing horses and regarded the most prevalent internal parasite in horse. Unfortunately, decades of indiscriminate use anthelmintic drugs have resulted development resistance cyathostomins all currently available drug groups, recent being a documented lack efficacy macrocyclic lactones (ML). In vivo determination often utilises faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). Further, shortened reappearance period (ERP) can indicate change response applied treatment...

Parasitic sheep nematodes, among which Haemonchus contortus is often considered to be the most clinically important, exact a significant toll on animals, not least because of their capacity evolve drug resistance. Despite decades research, our understanding mechanism resistance compounds such as levamisole fairly limited, therefore constrains ability develop sensitive and efficient molecular diagnostic tools for rapid accurate detection in field settings. Herein, we investigated presence...

Abstract Kin recognition is a critical element to kin cooperation, and in vertebrates, it primarily based on associative learning. Recognition of socially unfamiliar occurs rarely, reported only vertebrate species where promiscuity prevents first‐order relatives. However, unknown whether the can evolve monogamous species. Here, we investigate genetic relatedness modulates aggression among group members Siberian jays ( Perisoreus infaustus ). This bird genetically lives groups that are formed...

A relatively new method to study the species richness and diversity of nematode parasites in grazing animals is perform deep sequencing on composite samples containing a mixture parasites. In this work, we compared composition strongyles two groups horses as function egg count age, based DNA barcoding approach. Faecal counts larval cultures were obtained from nearly 300 horses, i.e., domestic (n = 167) trotters 130) sampled nationwide. The second internal transcribed spacer region (ITS2)...

Cooperia sp. and Ostertagia are two cosmopolitan parasitic nematodes often found in mixed gastrointestinal infections cattle across temperate regions. In light of the recent increase emergence anthelmintic resistance these other derived from around globe, their negative impact on animal health productivity, novel molecular assays need to be put forth order facilitate monitoring parasite burden infected herds, using pasture and/or fecal samples. Here, we describe a droplet digital PCR...

Benzimidazole (BZ) drugs are frequently used to treat infections with the equine ascarid Parascaris univalens due increasing resistance macrocyclic lactones and pyrantel. is rare in ascarids contrast strongyle parasites where this widespread. In strongyles, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at codons 167, 198 200 a β-tubulin gene have been correlated BZ resistance, but little known about genes their possible involvement P. other ascarids. Previously two identified univalens. study, we...

Abstract Background The boreal forest is one of the largest biomes on earth, supporting thousands species. global climate fluctuations in Quaternary, especially ice ages, had a significant influence distribution forest, as well divergence and evolution species inhabiting this biome. To understand possible effects on-going future change it would be useful to reconstruct past population size changes relate such climatic events past. We sequenced genomes 32 individuals from two bird species,...

A questionnaire was sent to sheep owners in Sweden get information about anthelmintic drug use. The survey also investigated how respondents experienced problems with gastrointestinal nematode infections (GIN) focusing on Haemonchus contortus. response rate 31% and included both conventional organic farms. use of anthelmintics low (45%), among which a majority (76%) drenched ewes single occasion, mostly ivermectin (59%) followed by albendazole (19%). Other drugs were used rarely, however,...

Genetic diversity is one of the key evolutionary variables that correlate with population size, being critical importance for viability and persistence species. can also have important ecological consequences within populations, in turn, factors may drive patterns genetic diversity. However, relationship between a how this interacts processes has so far only been investigated few studies. Here, we investigate link factors, local allelic diversity, using field study common bird species, house...

Infections with gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) in small ruminants are becoming increasingly harder to treat due the development of anthelmintic resistance. Across Swedish sheep farms, Haemonchus contortus is one more persistent and pathogenic species encountered. Benzimidazole drugs, such as albendazole, still widely used control GIN burden ruminants. However, decline efficacy this drug has been observed across country. In study, we aimed continue investigate presence single nucleotide...

Since the EU ban on battery cages, many studies have listed Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinarum as most common roundworms in European laying hen population. A complicating factor is that eggs of these parasites are almost identical. Thus, lack molecular diagnostic approaches has driven epidemiological to take necropsy for species discrimination, which labor cost intensive. Here, we describe a novel tool based droplet digital PCR simultaneous identification absolute quantification both...

Gastrointestinal nematode parasites are of major concern for horses, where Strongylus vulgaris is considered the most pathogenic among species. Diagnosis S. infections can be determined with next generation sequencing techniques, which inherently dependent on reference sequences. The best marker parasitic nematodes internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and we provide first complete ITS2 sequences from five morphologically identified additional two edentatus. These have high similarity to...

Resistance to ivermectin (IVM) in the nematode Haemonchus contortus small ruminants is an increasing problem throughout world. Access molecular diagnostics will allow early detection of IVM resistance, which turn can limit spread resistant isolates. One candidate gene has recently been suggested as a marker for resistance that dye-filling protein (dyf-7). In this study, we critically investigated suitability A141G and G153T single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) dyf-7 larval cultures...

The nematode Haemonchus contortus is one of the most prevalent and pathogenic parasites in small ruminants. Although usually controlled using anthelmintics, development drug resistance by parasite has become a major issue livestock production. While molecular detection benzimidazole H. well developed, tools protocols are far less advanced for levamisole resistance. hco-acr-8 gene encodes critical acetylcholine susceptible subunit that confers levamisole-sensitivity to receptor. Here, we...

Abstract Background Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has provided an alternative strategy to study the composition of nematode communities with increased resolution and sensitivity. However, handling processing gigabytes worth amplicon sequence data produced by NGS platform is still a major hurdle, limiting use adoption faster more convenient analysis software. Methods In total 32 paired, fecal samples from Swedish sheep flocks were cultured larvae subsequently harvested subjected internal...

The last glacial period had a strong influence on the population genetic structure of boreal species in southern and central Europe. In addition, recent current human impact environment has led to habitat loss, which also large species. Here we present spatial dragonfly Leucorrhinia dubia using ddRAD sequencing. We sampled individuals from nine locations Europe, three Asia (Russia Japan) one location L. intermedia Japan. Results showed distinct clusters One cluster consisted Swiss Alps,...