BACKGROUND Two-dimensional echocardiography performed during dobutamine infusion has been proposed as a potentially useful method for detecting coronary artery disease. However, the safety and diagnostic value of stress not established. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, echocardiograms were recorded step-wise to maximum dose 30 micrograms/kg/min in 103 patients who also underwent quantitative angiography. The digitally stored displayed format that allowed simultaneous analysis rest images....

A total of 48 eye globes were collected and analyzed to estimate ages bowhead whales using the aspartic acid racemization technique. In this technique, age is estimated based on intrinsic changes in D L enantiomeric isomeric forms lens nucleus. Age estimates successful for 42 animals. Racemization rate (k Asp ) was data from earlier studies humans fin whales; used 1.18 10 -3 /year. The D/L ratio at birth ((D/L) 0 animals less than or equal 2 years (n = 8), since variability measurements...

This study in occupational socialization should be of interest to organizational sociologists, criminologists and police specialists. Based on a five-year it provides detailed picture training.

This article examines the demand for criminal accountability atrocities committed after Kenya's contested December 2007 elections. It explains why, despite strong popular desire through prosecutions and threat of actual International Criminal Court (ICC) involvement, government has failed to take concrete steps try those believed primarily responsible. The argues that fundamental reason why not initiated systematic in regular domestic courts – or created, as promised, a hybrid...

This article argues that prior accounts of Moi and KANU's re-election in Kenya's 1992 1997 polls overemphasise divisions within the opposition underestimate role international actors. Drawing on interviews with central players internal donor documents, author demonstrates aid donors played a part not only initially advancing cause multipartyism but subsequently also, several occasions, actively impeding further democratisation. Donors twice knowingly endorsed unfair elections (including...

Abstract The relationship between social class and child maltreatment delinquency were examined, particular attention being paid to previous deficiencies in the operationalization of class. Maltreatment was operationalized with subscales for physical abuse, emotional neglect, while multiple indicators. Survey data from 110 high school freshmen analyzed revealed following: (a) a weak but consistent inverse correlation all forms maltreatment, (b) stronger when lower‐class membership manner...

Following contested elections in late 2007, Kenya experienced brief but significant violence. International pressure and diplomacy led to a coalition government, commission of inquiry recommended the creation an internationalized criminal tribunal or Criminal Court (ICC) involvement, should not be created. The government both promised create hybrid cooperate with ICC, yet has arguably done neither, engaging delaying tactics for about year before prosecutor requested approval open...

Approaches to study and learning may enhance or undermine educational outcomes, thus it is important for educators be knowledgeable about their students’ approaches learning. TheApproaches Study Skills Inventory Students(ASSIST) – a 52 item inventory which identifies three styles (Deep, Strategic, Surface), was given first year undergraduate students undertaking an introductory chemistry course. Completed inventories (n=103, 85% response), included 30 BSc Biomedicine, 15 Food Nutrition, 22...

This article analyzes the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on foreign aid. Using examples from Canadian aid, it argues that, despite terrible toll is exacting, crisis has accelerated some significant positive pre-existing trends, both by destabilizing perception aid as flowing essentially Global North to South and reinforcing awareness importance joint efforts for global public goods humanitarian assistance, well debt relief. However, also reinforced potentially harmful self-interested...

The equitable distribution of COVID-19 vaccines is one the most important tests global cooperation that world has faced in recent decades. Collectively, leaders failed crucible abysmally, creating a ‘vaccine apartheid’ divided according to income into countries with widespread access and those without. Why, given were fully aware risks injustice vaccine inequity, did governments wealthy hoard doses, impede expansion manufacturing otherwise prevent vaccines? We argue their decisions act...

In their seminal text Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, Guillermo O’Donnell and Philippe Schmitter (1986:6) define a transition as “the interval between one political system another”. According to the authors, beginning end of this process are relatively easy trace. The begins with split in authoritarian regime, after which regime elites who believe necessity electoral legitimation become dominant. These softliners, they known, typically negotiate pact moderate opposition elites,...

This paper examines Western countries' pressure – or lack thereof for peace, justice and democracy in Kenya. It analyzes the period since 2008 National Accord, which defused 2007–08 post-election crisis, focusing on lead-up to immediate aftermath of 2013 elections. The draws extensively interviews conducted 2008, 2010, 2012 with officials based Nairobi, as well informed Kenyans. argues, first, that recent is latest iteration a consistent pattern donors not enforcing stated conditions future...

Abstract This article analyzes the rise and fall of aid effectiveness norm, using lens Finnemore Sikkink’s norm ‘life cycle’. I argue that, although donors recipients endorsed founding principles, was only feebly internalized: they were unwilling to overcome their reluctance—and important disincentives—to substantially change practices on ground. After cascaded, donor-led process sought gain legitimacy diffuse more broadly by trying bring in a wider range actors through substitution. These...

Abstract This contribution analyses Western governments’ responses to the 2008 Kenyan crisis. It argues that while donors’ reactions crisis were a vast improvement over their previous elections and eruptions of political violence, they failed learn some important lessons from past take more proactive role in preventing notably because disregarded key governance problems made violence easily imaginable, if not utterly predictable. Moreover, by focusing on ending as quickly possible, donors...