Optical fiber tapers with a waist size larger than 1microm are commonplace in telecommunications and sensor applications. However the fabrication of low-loss optical subwavelength diameters was previously thought to be impractical due difficulties associated control surface roughness diameter uniformity. In this paper we show that very-long ultra-low-loss can fact produced using conventional taper rig incorporating simple burner configuration. For single-mode operation, losses achieve at...

We report on the progress of bismuth oxide glass holey fibers for nonlinear device applications. The use micron-scale core diameters has resulted in a very high nonlinearity 1100 W-1 km-1 at 1550 nm. performance is evaluated terms newly introduced figure-of-merit Anomalous dispersion nm been predicted and experimentally confirmed by soliton self-frequency shifting. In addition, we demonstrate fusion-splicing fiber to silica fibers, which reduced coupling loss robust single mode guiding

We employ a Genetic Algorithm for the dispersion optimization of range holey fibers (HF) with small number air holes but good confinement loss. demonstrate that 0 +/- 0.1 ps/nm/km in wavelength between 1.5 and 1.6 microm is achievable HFs different transversal structures, discuss some trade-offs terms slope, nonlinearity then analyze sensitivity total to variations from optimal value specific structural parameters, estimate fabrication accuracy required reliable such fibers.

The authors report a highly sensitive (∼2.8pm∕με) wavelength-encoded strain sensor made from piece of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) spliced to standard fibers. intentionally collapse the PCF air holes over short region enlarge propagating mode lead-in which allows coupling only two modes in PCF. transmission spectrum interferometer is stable and sinusoidal broad wavelength range. exhibits linear response large measurement range, its temperature sensitivity very low, for interrogation...

In this paper, the properties of nonsilica glasses and related technology for microstructured fiber fabrication are reviewed. Numerical simulation results shown using fibers mid-infrared (mid-IR) supercontinuum generation when seeding with near-IR, 200-fs pump pulses. particular, bismuth glass small-core that have two zero-dispersion wavelengths (ZDWs) investigated, efficient mid-IR is enabled by phase-matching a 2.0-mum seed across upper ZDW into 3-4.5 mum wavelength range. Fiber lengths...

We report an in-reflection photonic crystal fiber (PCF) interferometer which exhibits high sensitivity to different volatile organic compounds (VOCs), without the need of any permeable material. The is compact, robust, and consists a stub PCF spliced standard optical fiber. In splice voids are fully collapsed, thus allowing excitation recombination two core modes. device reflection spectrum sinusoidal interference pattern shifts differently when infiltrated with VOC molecules. volume...

All-optical-fiber Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPIs) with microcavities of different shapes were investigated. It was found that the size and shape cavity plays an important role on performance these interferometers. To corroborate analysis, FPIs spheroidal cavities fabricated by splicing a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) large voids conventional single mode (SMF), using ad hoc program. strain sensitivity can be controlled through dimensions spheroid. For example, FPI whose had ~10x60 μm...

We report on temperature sensors based regenerated fiber Bragg gratings (RFBGs) for measurements up to 1100. The annealing process required regenerate such makes the optical too delicate, thus making an adequate packaging necessary. Prior grating regeneration is protected with a ceramic tube which in turn shielded thick metal casing. have performed thorough characterization of thermo-optical response both packaged and unpackaged RFBG placing especial attention possible residual hysteresis...

In this paper we present significant progress on the fabrication of small-core lead-silicate holey fibers. The glass used in work is SF57, a commercially available, highly nonlinear Schott glass. We report small core SF57 fibers with loss as low 2.6 dB/m at 1550 nm, and coefficient high 640 W-1km-1. demonstrate generation Raman solitons ~1550 nm short length such fiber which highlights fact that group velocity dispersion can be anomalous these wavelengths despite large normal material around 1550nm.

Holey fibers with small-core dimensions relative to the optical wavelength and large air-filling fractions offer tight mode confinement are therefore attractive for highly nonlinear fiber applications. We investigated role of loss in these optimize design practical fibers. found that silica holey can exhibit effective nonlinearities as great 52 W-1 km-1 be less than losses standard types. show dispersive properties some designs suitable a range device

This paper reports on the recent progress in design and fabrication of high-nonlinearity lead-silicate holey fibers (HFs). First, a fiber designed to offer close maximum possible nonlinearity per unit length this glass type is described. A value /spl gamma/=1860 W/sup -1//spl middot/km/sup -1/ at wavelength 1.55 mu/m achieved, which believed be record for any wavelength. Second, with slightly reduced but dispersion-shifted characteristics tailored enhance broadband supercontinuum (SC)...

We report on the development of a stable Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) based two-mode interferometric sensor for ultra-high temperature measurements (up to 1000 degrees C). The device consists stub PCF spliced standard optical fiber. In splice regions, voids are fully collapsed, thus allowing excitation and recombination two core modes. spectrum exhibits sinusoidal interference pattern which shifts with temperature. show that, despite being compact robust, proposed head needs quite long burn...

We report on the fabrication of a monolithic fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer whose cavity is microscopic air bubble. The latter formed when splicing together conventional single-mode and an index-guiding photonic crystal with standard arc-discharge technique. Spherical microcavities diameters ranging from 20 to 58 microm were fabricated such interferometers exhibited low thermal sensitivity (less than 1.0 pm/ degrees C), high mechanical strength, broad operation wavelength range, fringe...

A novel refractometric sensor based on an embedded optical nanowire loop resonator is presented. The device sensitivity has been studied in two typical configurations and its dependence the diameter coating thickness determined.

An alternative method to build point and sensor array based on photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) is presented. A short length (in the 9-12 mm range) of properly selected index-guiding PCF fusion spliced between conventional single mode fibers. By selective excitation overlapping specific modes in we make transmission spectra sensors exhibit a narrow notch. The notch position changes with external perturbation which allows sensing diverse parameters. well-defined notch, extinction ratio...

An all-solid microstructured fiber based on two thermallymatched silicate glasses with a high index contrast has been fabricated for the first time. The cladding was shown to be essentially unchanged during drawing. Fiber attenuation measured as 5dB/m at 1.55m by cutback method. High nonlinearity 230 W-1km-1 predicted and experimentally demonstrated in this 1.55m. In addition, modeling predicts that near-zero dispersion can achieved between 1.5-1.6m class of nonlinear fiber.

We review the research on photonic crystal fiber modal interferometers with emphasis placed characteristics that make them attractive for different sensing applications. The fabrication of such is carried out post‐processing techniques as grating inscription, tapering or cleaving, and splicing. In general exhibit low thermal sensitivity while their applications range from strain temperature to refractive index volatile organic compounds.

Light scattering is a fundamental property that can be exploited to create essential devices such as particle analysers. The most common size analyser relies on measuring the angle-dependent diffracted light from sample illuminated by laser beam. Compared other non-light-based counterparts, diffraction scheme offers precision, but it does so at expense of size, complexity and cost. In this paper, we introduce concept new in collimated beam configuration using consumer electronic camera...

The fabrication of the first singlemode tellurite glass holey fibre produced from an extruded preform is reported. Robust guidance was observed at 1047 nm in fabricated small core fibre. An effective mode area 2.6 µm2 and high nonlinearity 580 W−1 km−1 were predicted. loss measured to be 3.5 dB/m 1050 nm, 5.8 1550 nm.

Microstructured fibers (MOFs) are among the most innovative developments in optical fiber technology recent years. These contain arrays of tiny air holes that run along their length and define waveguiding properties. Optical confinement guidance MOFs can be obtained either through modified total internal reflection, or photonic bandgap effects; correspondingly, they classified into index-guiding Holey Fibers (HFs) Photonic Bandgap (PBGFs). offer great flexibility terms design and, by virtue...

This work addresses important issues of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) interferometers built by fusion splicing: high insertion loss, low mechanical strength, and complex multiplexing schemes. We have found that decreasing the length collapsed region in these interferometers, overall losses diminish (down to 0.7 dB) without compromising their performance strength. To multiplex such we used frequency-division-multiplexing technique combined with a simple fast Fourier transform demodulation...

We present a technique to embed silica micro and nanofibers in low-index material (Teflon) using an inexpensive straightforward fabrication process based on spin coating. The optical properties of the micro/nano-fibers have been investigated when they are bare or completely partially embedded. Optical degradation occurs fibers with diameters smaller than twice wavelength guided light, thus making protection through embedding necessary. Our results also show that embedded do not degrade over...

Direct deposition of graphene on substrates would avoid costly, time consuming and defect inducing transfer techniques. In this paper we used ultrathin films Ni, with thickness ranging from 5 to 50 nm, as a catalytic surface glass seed promote chemical vapor (CVD) graphene. Different regimes dynamics were studied for various parameters including temperature reaction time. When critical (700 °C) was reached, Ni retracted holes formed that are open the surface, where deposited. After CVD,...

We report on a microscopic Fabry-Perot interferometer whose cavity is bubble trapped inside an optical fiber. The microcavity formed by pressuring photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with large voids during fusion splicing conventional single-mode technique allows achieving high repeatability and full control over the size shape. It was found that of PCF contributes to independently pressure in PCF. Our devices exhibit record fringe contrast 30 dB (visibility 0.999) due ellipsoidal surfaces...