A5101734254- Superconducting Materials and Applications
- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
- Fusion materials and technologies
- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Nuclear reactor physics and engineering
- Nuclear Materials and Properties
- Advanced Thermodynamic Systems and Engines
- Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Electrical Fault Detection and Protection
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Magnetic Properties of Alloys
- Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Radiation Effects in Electronics
- Vacuum and Plasma Arcs
- Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Radiative Heat Transfer Studies
- Rocket and propulsion systems research
- Manufacturing Process and Optimization
- Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics
- Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices
- Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies
- Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
- Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements
Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics - Greifswald
2002-2024
Max Planck Society
2004-2019
Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics
2004-2019
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
2017
Max Planck Innovation
2005
General Atomics (United States)
1977
In 2015, the optimized stellarator Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) started with operation. The main objective of W7-X is demonstration integrated reactor potential line. An important element this mission achievement high heating power and confinement in steady-state approach to following three steps. First, plasmas were produced a limiter configuration [operation phase (OP 1.1)], then test divertor unit being installed (temporary unit) for next campaign, OP 1.2, before full capability will be...
The construction of the stellarator fusion experiment Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) was accomplished in 2014. Commissioning cryogenic system, first cool down W7-X cryostat and operation magnet system achieved. First plasma 10th December 2015. consists a with 70 superconducting coils inside cryostat. cold mass 456 tons is cooled helium plant an equivalent refrigeration power 7 kW at 4.5 K. paper presents commissioning steady state currents up to 12.8 kA. Helium temperatures, flow rates pressure...
Ten identical cryopumps (CVPs) are to be installed in corresponding divertor volumes of Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator before commencing the steady-state phase operation (OP 2). Each CVP is typically made two units connected by a transfer line and fed through dedicated vacuum vessel feed through. The consist water baffle, liquid nitrogen (LN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) helium panel, LN -cooled housing. All...
During the first operation phase OP1.1 of Wendelstein 7-X, magnet systems were not operated up to its maximum capabilities. next OP1.2, a big step in direction full current will be taken. The superconducting system consists two different coil types: nonplanar coils (NPCs) and planar (PLCs). With respect OP1.1, NPC OP1.2 increased slightly, but doubled PLC. Also reversal PLC required. Tests during after showed that it might advantageous reduce electrical stress fast discharges. Therefore,...
The superconducting fusion device Wendelstein 7-X went into operation in December 2015. One of the most important steps was commissioning magnet system. It consists 70 coils, 14 high temperature superconductor (HTS) current leads, and more than 100 bus bars. system is divided seven electrical circuits with ten associated bars, two leads each. performed major steps: In first step, coil were separately energized operated at several levels a range between 2 12.8 kA. second all together....
The superconducting stellarator Wendelstein 7-X has completed the first three experimental phases, one with a limiter only and two phases an inertially cooled carbon divertor configuration. main mission of latter (the last scraper elements) was to pave way for planned steady-state operation high-power plasmas divertor. Presently, device is being by installing high-heat-flux (HHF) corresponding water-cooling ten cryo pumps in chambers. After this completion phase W7-X, ready long-pulse...
The Wendelstein 7-X stellarator (W7-X), one of the largest fusion experiments, has accomplished successfully first operational phase at Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics in Greifswald, Germany. To confine 30 m3 plasma W7-X machine a superconducting magnet system with 50 non-planar and 20 planar coils. commissioning was performed until mid 2015 tests complete functionality required operation, magnetic field 2.5 T. started December He plasmas heated by ECRH (Electron Cyclotron Resonance...
In February 2015 began the cool-down of about 450 tons cold mass Wendelstein 7-X i.e. 70 superconducting coils, 14 currents leads, massive support structure and thermal shield, enclosed within a vacuum vessel 16 m outer diameter. After smooth cool-down, temperatures around 5 K were achieved 4 weeks, in short standby mode with shield return temperature <80 K. Later, for more than year, these components kept at different various operating modes helium refrigerator. The operation refrigerator...
After the completion of third experimental campaign in 2018, actively cooled high heat flux divertors (10 pcs.) will be implemented within stellarator fusion experiment Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X). A cryo vacuum pump installed plasma vessel behind divertor. These pumps with super critical helium at 3.9 K and liquid nitrogen 80 K. multichannel transfer line connects refrigerator a valve box located below W7-X cryostat. From there, 10 parallel lines run to inside vessel. The lay out hydraulic...
Following successful installation and commissioning, final acceptance tests were carried out on the helium refrigerator for Wendelstein 7-X.The normal operating modes i.e. peak power mode (3.4 K), standard mode(3.9 short standby (< 10 K) long 100 K).Besides modes, transient including, cool-down warm-up, auto interchanging between various purging tested.In addition, handling of quench, emergency signals such as cryostat vacuum break,utility failure, alarm trip checked.
The quench protection system of the nonplanar coils Wendelstein 7-X stellarator was laid out over 15 years ago. At that time, assessment hot-spot temperature by a basic adiabatic model done using design values for material and operation parameters. After operating experience in 2016, is reassessed with thermal-hydraulic program THEA, actual delay dump time. electrical resistivity conduit alloy measured whole range temperatures magnetic fields on relevant samples conductor, exposed to...
The fusion device Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) is a modular stellarator which went into operation at the Greifswald branch of Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik in December 2015.The main component superconducting magnet system consists 50 nonplanar and 20 planar coils, 14 high temperature superconductor (HTS) current leads (CLs), more than 100 bus bars.The HTS CLs with maximum 18.2 kA were constructed, tested delivered by Karlsruhe Institute Technology (KIT).In first plasma physics campaign...
The Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) is the world largest stellarator with a sophisticated superconducting (SC) magnet system (MS) in operation since 2015. W7-X components were designed framework of aspects: plasma current decay 100 kA and 2.7 MA time constants 140 50 ms for toroidal diamagnetic currents, respectively, SC coil 3T field on axis within 3s. However, during second phase 2018, fast event constant approximately 3 was observed. This observation has forced to reconsider expectations initiate...