The addition of water on or below the earth's surface generates changes in stress that can trigger both stable and unstable sliding landslides faults. While these behaviours are well-described by commonly used mechanical models developed from laboratory testing (e.g., critical-state soil mechanics rate-and-state friction), less is known about field-scale environmental conditions kinematic occur during transition to sliding. Here we use radar interferometry (InSAR) a simple 1D hydrological...

The coastal Pacific Northwest USA hosts thousands of deep-seated landslides. Historic landslides have primarily been triggered by rainfall, but the region is also prone to large earthquakes on 1100-km-long Cascadia Subduction Zone megathrust. Little known about number these because last magnitude 9 rupture occurred in 1700 CE. Here, we map 9938 bedrock Oregon Coast Range and use surface roughness dating estimate that past fewer than half 1000 years. We find landslide frequency increases with...

Abstract Quantifying the velocity, volume, and rheology of deep, slow‐moving landslides is essential for hazard prediction understanding landscape evolution, but existing field‐based methods are difficult or impossible to implement at remote sites. Here we present a novel widely applicable method constraining landslide 3‐D deformation thickness by inverting surface change data from repeat stereo imagery. Our analysis La Clapière, an ~1 km 2 bedrock landslide, reveals concave‐up failure with...

Research Article| February 01, 2016 Surface roughness dating of long-runout landslides near Oso, Washington (USA), reveals persistent postglacial hillslope instability Sean R. LaHusen; LaHusen 1Department Earth and Space Sciences, University Washington, Box 351310, Seattle, 98195, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Alison Duvall; Duvall Adam M. Booth; Booth 2Department Geology, Portland State University, 1721 SW Broadway, Portland, Oregon, 97201 David Montgomery...

Abstract Existing hillslope sediment transport models developed for low‐relief, soil‐mantled landscapes are poorly suited to explain the coupling between steep rocky hillslopes and headwater channels. Here we address this knowledge gap using a series of field numerical experiments inform particle‐based model by dry ravel—a mechanism granular characteristic hillslopes. We find that particle travel distance increases as function ratio diameter fine‐scale (<1 m) topographic roughness, in...

Abstract A fundamental goal of studying earth surface processes is to disentangle the complex web interactions among baselevel, tectonics, climate, and rock properties that generate characteristic landforms. Mechanistic geomorphic transport laws can quantitatively address this goal, but no widely accepted law for landslides exists. Here we propose a deep‐seated in weathered bedrock demonstrate its utility using two‐dimensional numerical landscape evolution model informed by study areas...

Abstract Documenting spatial and temporal patterns of past landsliding is a challenging step in quantifying the effect landslides on landscape evolution. While landslide inventories can map distributions, lack dateable material, reactivations, or time, access, cost constraints generally limit dating large numbers to analyze patterns. Here we quantify record Holocene history deep‐seated along 25 km stretch North Fork Stillaguamish River valley, Washington State, USA, including 2014 Oso...

Toxic air pollutants such as PM2.5 and NO\textsubscript{2} have been linked to various health implications, including respiratory diseases, cardiovascular cancers. With recent updates from the World Health Organisation introducing even stricter daily annual exposure limits, expectations placed upon governing bodies better manage urban quality increased. It is suggested in this research that may be managed through use of smart city infrastructure data-driven techniques introduce dynamic...

Abstract Rapid, transient, landscape‐scale changes associated with deglaciation can condition slopes for failure and trigger bedrock landslides. However, the mechanisms leading to paleo rock slope failures following last glacial period are challenging infer because observations of how both landsliding potential driving factors were distributed in space time limited. Here, we map analyze spatiotemporal pattern 676 post‐glacial landslides around Eyjafjörður north‐central Iceland using 2‐m...

Abstract Landslides reactivate due to external environmental forcing or internal mass redistribution, but the process is rarely documented quantitatively. We capture three‐dimensional, 1‐m resolution surface deformation field of a transiently reactivated landslide with image correlation repeat airborne lidar. Undrained loading by two debris flows in landslide's head, rather than forcing, triggered reactivation. After that loading, lower 2 km advanced up 14 m years before completely stopping....

Abstract Due to their potentially long runout, debris flows are a major hazard and an important geomorphic process in mountainous environments. Understanding runout is therefore essential minimize risk the near‐term interpret pace pattern of flow erosion deposition over timescales. Many occur forested landscapes where they mobilize large volumes woody (LWD) addition sediment, but few studies have quantitatively documented effects LWD on runout. Here, we analyze recent historic southeast...

Landslide inventory maps are critical to understand the factors governing landslide occurrence and estimate hazards or sediment delivery channels. Numerous semi-automated approaches for mapping have been proposed improve efficiency objectivity of process, but these methods not widely adopted by practitioners because use input parameters without physical meaning, a lack transparency in machine-learning based techniques, limitations resulting products, which ordinarily designed tested on...

Abstract The hazardous impact and erosive potential of slow‐moving landslides depends on landslide properties including velocity, size, frequency occurrence. However, constraints in particular, subsurface geometry, are lacking because these types rarely fully evacuate material to create measurable hillslope scars. Here, we use pixel offset tracking with data from the NASA/JPL Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar measure three‐dimensional surface deformation 134 northern...

Abstract Landslides, a forest disturbance, mobilize carbon (C) sequestered in vegetation and soils. Mobilized C is deposited either onto hillslopes or into the water, sequestering from releasing to atmosphere at different time scales. The C‐dense old‐growth temperate forests of SE Alaska are unique location quantify mobilization rate by frequent landslides that often evolve saturated moving masses known as debris flows. In this study, amount mobilized flows over historic scales was estimated...

[1] In mountainous terrain, deep-seated landslides transport large volumes of material on hillslopes, exerting a dominant control erosion rates and landscape form. Here, we develop mathematical evolution model to explore interactions between earthflows, soil creep, gully processes at the drainage basin scale over geomorphically relevant (>103 year) timescales. model, sediment flux or incision laws for these three geomorphic combine determine morphology actively uplifting eroding steady state...

Abstract From sediment transport in rivers to landslides, predictions of granular motion rely on a Mohr‐Coulomb failure criterion parameterized by friction angle. Measured angles are generally large for single grains, smaller numbers and no theory exists intermediate grains. We propose that continuum between single‐grain bulk due grain‐to‐grain force chains. Physical experiments, probabilistic modeling, discrete element modeling demonstrate decrease up 15° as the number potentially mobile...

The high-speed tribological properties of microscale contacts are studied using an indenter probe and quartz crystal microbalance. Elastic dissipative shear forces monitored as a function contact radius for sapphire/gold interfaces with adsorbed octadecanethiol monolayer. We observe force transitions understood taking the interface from slipping to stuck conditions. They relate this behavior presence interfacial microslip. Dynamic modeling shows that our observations consistent that, when...