The Naoli River Basin (NRB), a pivotal agricultural production area in China, is poised to undergo substantial impacts on water resources due projected climate and land use/cover (LULC) changes. Despite its significance the context of China's expanding farmland construction NRB, there exists limited research potential repercussions future shifts runoff, soil content (SWC), evapotranspiration (ET) crop productivity availability (both terms quantity timing). This study employs LULC maps an...

The diverse applications of mode-locked fiber lasers (MLFLs) raise various demands on the output laser, including pulse duration, energy, and shape. Simulation is an excellent method to guide design construction MLFL for on-demand laser output. Traditional simulation uses split-step Fourier (SSFM) solve nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation, which suffers from high computational complexity. As a result, inverse MLFLs via traditional SSFM-based relies experience. Here, completely data-driven...

This paper provides an integrated approach to the analysis of geological, hydrological and hydrogeological characteristics Cape Flats: a coastal plain sand formed within mountains Town metropolitan area. The study is mainly based on evaluation available data, surface water groundwater, rainfall selected springs, describe Flats aquifer. Qualitative has shown that both groundwater investigated area are good quality; whereas sources contamination indicated restricted certain parts...

Individuals and organizations are using databases to store personal information at an unprecedented rate. This creates a quandary for data providers. They responsible protecting the privacy of individuals described in their database. On other hand, providers sometimes required provide statistics about instead sharing it wholesale with strong assurances that these answers correct complete such as regulatory filings US SEC goverment organizations. We introduce system, ZKSQL , provides...

While recent developments of deep learning models have led to record-breaking achievements in many areas, the lack sufficient interpretation remains a problem for specific applications, such as diagnosis prediction task healthcare. The previous knowledge graph(KG) enhanced approaches mainly focus on clinically meaningful representations, importance medical concepts, and even paths from inputs labels. However, it is infeasible interpret prediction, which needs consider different various...

The Sanjiang Plain (SJP), located at the confluence reaches of Heilong, Songhua, and Wusuli Rivers in Northeast China. This study aimed to quantify effects varying climate land-use/land-cover (LULC) dynamics on green water (GW) over SJP during two distinctive periods (i.e., pre-2000 post-2000), when synergetic increased precipitation temperature rapid development agriculture occurred. assessment used distributed eco-hydrological model ESSI-3. Multivariable multi-objective calibration...

The timeliness of packet delivery is an important performance measure in wireless networks, especially when urgent messages need to be transported through a network. This paper investigates the fastest transportation light-loaded networks. We show that end-to-end delay depends largely on locations relay nodes forward and there exists shortest-delay path theoretically. also propose routing algorithm locate fast actual networks achieve near-shortest delay.

Under changing environments, conventional methods based on an assumption of stationarity can lead to unreliable estimates design rainfall quantiles. In this study, the trend six extreme precipitation indices in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region was analysed using different methods. Nonstationary models were established for annual maximum one-day (RX1d) and total when daily is greater than 95% a year (R95p) exhibiting significant trend, while stationary two showing no trend. Finally, nonstationary...

With the continuous development of industry, discharge pollutants in marine areas has attracted widespread attention. As a rapidly developing city, Hong Kong faces significant challenges regarding large-scale into its areas. Therefore, studying inversion model chlorophyll-a concentration coastal waters is an important topic. Traditional BP neural networks are widely used for their ability. However, it challenging to scientifically and effectively determine parameters, stability insufficient....

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether a simple, spatially-based approach groundwater sustainability using radius influence should be used replace the pervasive, yet deprecated, 'natural recharge water balance' volumetric method. Using South Africa as case study, methodology was shown scientifically practical, provide plausible results, and permissible under country's laws. also provides better indicators for institutions involved in management, remains conceptually correct at...

Since the initial publication of Kelly <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">et al</i> .'s seminal paper on resource allocation in wired networks, many studies based cross-layer design philosophy have been conducted both and wireless networks. The Lagrangian duality technique has widely adopted to solve optimization problem, but it is slowly convergent sensitive iterative step size, especially for large In this paper, a joint...

Online task scheduling serves an integral role for task-intensive applications in cloud computing and crowdsourcing. Optimal can enhance system performance, typically measured by the reward-to-cost ratio, under some arrival distribution. On one hand, both reward cost are dependent on context (e.g., evaluation metric) remain black-box practice. These render hard to model thus unknown before decision making. other behaviors sensitive factors like unpredictable fluctuation whereby a prior...

In the pursuit of enhancing domain-specific Large Language Models (LLMs), Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) emerges as a promising solution to mitigate issues such hallucinations, outdated knowledge, and limited expertise in highly specialized queries. However, existing approaches RAG fall short by neglecting system state variables, which are crucial for ensuring adaptive control, retrieval halting, convergence. this paper, we introduce TC-RAG through rigorous proof, novel framework that...

A practical dialogue system requires the capacity for ongoing skill acquisition and adaptability to new tasks while preserving prior knowledge. However, current methods Continual Dialogue State Tracking (DST), a crucial function of systems, struggle with catastrophic forgetting issue knowledge transfer between tasks. We present TaSL, novel framework task localization consolidation that enables effective without relying on memory replay. TaSL uses group-wise technique pinpoint task-specific...

Language model continual learning (CL) has recently attracted significant interest for its ability to adapt large language models (LLMs) dynamic real-world scenarios without retraining. A major challenge in this domain is catastrophic forgetting, where lose previously acquired knowledge upon new tasks. Existing approaches commonly utilize multiple parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) blocks acquire task-specific knowledge, yet these methods are inefficient and fail leverage potential...

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become essential in interpreting relational data across various domains, yet, they often struggle to generalize unseen graph that differs markedly from training instances. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework called General Retrieval-Augmented Learning (RAGraph), which brings external into the general foundation model improve generalization on scenarios. On top of our is toy vector library established, captures key attributes, such as features and...

During the 2015 stock market crisis, Chinese government used hundreds of billions dollars to purchase shares directly in secondary market. We find that, compared with un-rescued firms, rescued firms have significantly lower liquidity after rescue. Policy uncertainty about subsequent interventions explains reduction better than rescue-induced dry-up. Inconsistent potential moral hazards associated bailouts, investment policies become more conservative Our evidence raises caution unintended...

Assessing the vulnerability of aquifers to contamination has received new attention due population growth and socioeconomic activities such as agriculture industrialisation that pose a threat in urban areas. This study used modified DRASTIC model combination with geographic information system (GIS) assess shallow groundwater Cape Flats catchment Town, South Africa. Hydrogeological parameters depth water table (D), net recharge (R), aquifer medium (A), soil (S), topography (T), vadose zone...

Traffic overloading failures are infectious due to the correlations in their occurrence. When a node fails at excessive load, re-routed traffic may fail other nodes network. We present this paper mathematical characterization of resilience large wireless networks failures. show that as number failed increases, network transits from failure-resistant phase failure-prone certain time. derive an upper bound on transition time provide estimation maximum