We demonstrate a previously unknown gender difference in the distribution of spatial attention, basic capacity that supports higher-level cognition. More remarkably, we found playing an action video game can virtually eliminate this attention and simultaneously decrease disparity mental rotation ability, process After only 10 hr training with game, subjects realized substantial gains both rotation, women benefiting more than men. Control who played non-action showed no improvement. Given...

1. Intracellular recordings have been made from neurones lying in the myenteric plexus of guinea-pig duodenum; some aspects their membrane properties studied by passing current through intracellular electrode while recording changes potential.2. The current-voltage relationship was linear for small potential, input resistances ranging 125 to 250 MOmega. Larger hyperpolarizing currents (causing 20-40 mV) caused resistance fall.3. Depolarizing 1 10 x 10(-10) A initiated action potentials with...

Video game enthusiasts spend many hours at play, and this intense activity has the potential to alter both brain behavior. We review studies that investigate ability of video games modify processes in spatial cognition. outline initial stages research into underlying mechanisms learning, we also consider possible applications new knowledge. Several experiments have shown playing action induces changes a number sensory, perceptual, attentional abilities are important for tasks These basic...

Maculotoxin, a potent neurotoxin isolated from the posterior salivary glands of blue-ringed octopus. Hapalochlaena maculosa, has now been identified as tetrodotoxin. This is first reported case in which tetrodotoxin found to occur venom.

The accuracy with which graphical elements are judged was assessed in a psychophysical task that parallels the real-life use of graphs. is variant Metfessel-Comrey constant-sum method, and an associated model based on Stevens's law proposed. stimuli were horizontal vertical lines, bars, pie disk slices, cylinders, boxes, table entries (numbers). exponents near unity for numbers 1-dimensional but also close to 1 possessing 2 or 3 apparent dimensions--subjects accommodate extraneous dimensions...

The results of applying a nonmetric multidimensional scaling algorithm to sets pseudo random data are used as the basis for constructing, by means regression techniques, table which will assist user decide whether empirically obtained result process. covers range from 12 48 objects (points) one five recovered dimensions.

A thinking framework in the form of an actionable kernel.

Playing a first-person shooter (FPS) video game alters the neural processes that support spatial selective attention. Our experiment establishes causal relationship between playing an FPS and neuroplastic change. Twenty-five participants completed attentional visual field task while we measured ERPs before after for cumulative total of 10 hr. Early sensitive to bottom-up were little affected by only However, who played also showed greatest improvement on displayed increased amplitudes in...

Abstract Pie and bar charts are commonly used to display percentage or proportional data, but professional data analysts have frowned on the use of pie chart grounds that judgements area less accurate than lenth. Thus has been favoured. When amount be communicated is small, some authorities advocated properly constructed tables, as another option. The series experiments reported here suggests there little choose between chart, with former enjoying a slight advantage if required judgement...

Abstract Task has been recognized as an influential factor in information seeking behavior. An increasing number of studies are concentrating on the specific characteristics task independent variables to explain associated information‐seeking activities. This paper examines relationships between operational measures search behavior, subjectively perceived post‐task difficulty and objective complexity context factual tasks web. A question‐driven, web‐based information‐finding study was...

Graphs have been an essential tool for the analysis and communication of statistical data about 200 years. Despite widespread use their importance in science, business, many other walks life, relatively little is known how people perceive process graphs. This article reviews several empirical studies designed to explore suitability various graphs a variety purposes, discusses relevant theoretical psychological literature. The role traditional psychophysics considered, especially connection...

Journal Article Implicit measures of lostness and success in web navigation Get access Jacek Gwizdka, Gwizdka * a School Communication, Information, Library Studies, Rutgers University, 4 Huntington Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 732 932 7500. E-mail addresses:iwc2007@gwizdka.com (J. Gwizdka), spence@psych.utoronto.ca (I. Spence). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ian Spence b Department Psychology, University...

Meta-analytic studies have concluded that although training improves spatial cognition in both sexes, the male advantage generally persists. However, because some run counter to this pattern, a closer examination of anomaly is warranted. The authors investigated acquisition basic skill (spatial selective attention) using matched-pair two-wave longitudinal design. Participants were screened with use an attentional visual field task, objective selecting and matching 10 male-female pairs, over...

We offer a framework for understanding how color operates to improve visual memory images of the natural environment, and we present an extensive data set that quantifies contribution in encoding recognition phases. Using continuous task with colored monochrome gray-scale scenes at short exposure durations, found enhances by conferring advantage during strengthening encoding-specificity effect. Furthermore, because pattern performance was similar all form are processed different areas...

Abstract A completely automatic procedure for determining the underlying dimensionality of an empirically obtained matrix proximities is described. This technique based on results extensive Monte Carlo experiment and may be applied to matrices order 12 36 inclusive. computer program which will implement available from authors.

Everyone who develops software knows that it is a complex and risky business, its participants are always on the lookout for new ideas will lead to better software. Fortunately, engineering still young growing profession sees innovations improvements in best practices every year. Just look, example, at benefits lean agile thinking have brought software-development teams.

✓ Excision of human cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) can be complicated by postoperative edema and hemorrhage in adjacent brain tissue, despite the complete excision malformation. Various theories have purported to explain hemodynamic basis for this predisposition, including disordered autoregulation causing “normal perfusion pressure breakthrough” obstruction venous drainage leading “occlusive hyperemia.” This study did not evaluate arterial or circulations scenario, but rather...

William Playfair’s pie chart is more than 200 years old and yet its intellectual origins remain obscure. The inspiration likely derived from the logic diagrams of Llull, Bruno, Leibniz, Euler, which were familiar to because instruction his mathematician brother John. broadly popular but—despite common appeal—most experts have not been seduced, academy has advised avoidance; nonetheless, masses chosen ignore this advice. This commentary discusses appropriate uses form.

Serotonin1A receptor density and serotonin concentration were measured in the postmortem neocortex of 17 AD patients who had been prospectively assessed every four months with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for a mean 2.6 years till death. In frontal cortex, levels correlated negatively annual rate MMSE decline, while serotonin1A was positively decline. Our study suggests that reduced increased are markers accelerated cognitive decline AD, provides support use antagonists treatment AD.