Interconnectivity and the standardization of communications promotes growth Industry 4.0. The most modern industrial machinery, devices processes are equipped with communication systems that favor such connectivity throughout standards as OPC UA (Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture). On other hand, older computer numerical control (CNCs), although generating large amounts data, lack standardized interfaces. Based on above, purpose this research has been to provide a subset...

A particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation of the plasma sheath around a cylindrical Langmuir probe has been developed to evaluate ion current collected by probe. The includes positive thermal motion and optimized solely describing motion. transition from prediction radial model orbital-motion-limited is observed. explained as an effect recovered when electron temperature ratio decreased. behaviour this strongly depends on dimensionless radius.

This article deals with the experimental verification of a theoretical radial model, developed by authors, for sheath that surrounds cylindrical Langmuir probe immersed in plasma which positive ion temperature, Ti, is not negligibly small compared to electron Te. The model generalization classical one cold ions Allen, Boyd, and Reynolds case spherical probes, extended Chen ones. According our theory, due thermal motion current collected increased respect ions, so its influence must be...

In this paper, the floating potential, for cylindrical and spherical Langmuir probes immersed into an electronegative plasma, is determined by using a radial model described in previous paper. This potential several probe radius values ranks of plasma electronegativity, from almost electropositive plasmas to high plasmas. The thickness positive ion sheath also kind plasmas, as well analytical expressions fitting thickness, showing its dependence on electric potential.

In this paper, we studied the electropositive to electronegative sheath transition in a weakly ionized plasma and mathematical condition that describes it. This is derived from Bohm criterion two-scale formalism. We show characterized by formation of triple layer structure sheath. Finally, analyze thickness as function temperature density negative ions, i.e. for different values electronegativity. prove has universal dependence on ionization rate, due universality criterion. When goes...

This article shows a transition in the behavior of positive ions movement around cylindrical Langmuir probe which we have experimentally observed low pressure plasma. In case helium plasma, depending on plasma conditions, ion current collected by behaves as predicted radial motion theory, an orbital or none them when between two behaviors takes place. argon and neon plasmas, is well described theories. The knowledge essential to diagnose parameters using saturation zone current–voltage...

This work proposes a method to measure the I–V characteristic of plane probe for each one ion species present in low-pressure plasma, by using as ammeter mass spectrometer whose entrance can be biased at an arbitrary electric potential. From characteristic, corresponding energy probability distribution function plasma is obtained. Moreover, temperature and potential are These results good agreement with those obtained from classical Langmuir probes spectrometry methods.

The floating potential of a Langmuir probe immersed in an electronegative plasma is studied theoretically under the assumption radial positive ion fluid movement for non-zero temperature: both cylindrical and spherical geometries are studied. model solvable exactly. special characteristics pre-sheath found influence stratified shown to be very small practical applications. It suggested that use measurement negative ions population density convenient, view numerical results obtained....

We solve a radial theoretical model that describes the ion sheath around cylindrical Langmuir probe with finite non-zero temperature in which singularity an priori unknown point prevents direct integration. The appears naturally fluid models when velocity of ions reaches local speed sound. solutions are smooth and continuous valid from plasma to no need for asymptotic matching. we present any value positive electron ratio constant polytropic coefficient. is numerically solved obtain electric...

This paper studies the sheath in front of a plane probe immersed an electropositive/electronegative plasma low ionization regime. We analyze dependence model on electric potential and position probe. As will be shown, this relationship is necessary condition to form allows us determine thickness sheath. The above-mentioned provides mathematical structure boundary layer for two-scale formalism as it well known. It also shows that Bohm criterion unambiguously determines at edge electronegative...

This paper examines a positive ion sheath close to cylindrical and/or spherical probe in electronegative plasmas and its transition from electropositive behaviours when the relative density temperature of negative ions present plasma change. We conclude that this occurs with continuous variation thickness, even potential at edge exhibits discontinuous jump. use two-scale model describe plasma?sheath region, which allows us choose correct pre-sheath solution for any level electronegativity,...

This paper aims to evaluate whether an automatic analysis with deep learning convolutional neural networks techniques offer the ability efficiently identify olive groves different intensification patterns by using very high-resolution aerial orthophotographs. First, a sub-image crop classification was carried out. To standardize size and increase number of samples data training (DT), images were divided into mini-crops (sub-images) segmentation techniques, which used threshold stride...

A radial Langmuir probe sheath model is used to make a prediction of the floating potential immersed in an electronegative plasma. The new plasma takes into account positive ion and negative thermal energies valid for any temperature value. values predicted can be diagnosing controlling plasma, we compare them with measurements Argon Neon two distinct electron populations at different temperatures. We have found that agreement very good wide range pressure discharge current values, thus...

Abstract This paper analyzes the results of accurate measurements ion current collected by a cylindrical Langmuir probe immersed in cold argon, neon, and helium plasmas. These make it possible to study influence positive ion‐to‐electron temperature ratio β = T + / e on current, providing valuable information about trajectory described ions when falling toward probe. Several criteria have been applied discriminate whether is using orbital motion limited theory or radial theory. In all studied...

This paper presents an experimentally observed transition from the validity of radial theories to orbital that model ion current collected by a cylindrical Langmuir probe immersed in low-pressure, low-temperature helium plasma when it is negatively biased with respect potential, as function positive ion-neutral collision mean free path Debye length ratio Λ=λ+/λD. The study has been also conducted on argon and neon plasmas, which allows comparison based mass ions, although no for these gases....

This article describes a method of measurement the current-to-probe voltage characteristic curve Langmuir electrostatic probe immersed in plasma characterized by low electron temperature that is only one order magnitude higher than room temperature. These plasmas are widely used industrial processes related to surface technology, polymers, cleaning, nanostructures, etc. The complies with strict requirements perform representative diagnosis, particularly ion saturation zone when polarized...

A long cylindrical Langmuir probe immersed in a collisional plasma is modelled by using fluid equations which the collision term introduced assuming constant ion mean free path. The physical magnitudes of system are expanded perturbation series parameter, that is, ratio between Debye length and path, thus separated into zeroth-order first-order systems. temperature arbitrary continuous solution from to obtained for Using this methodology, sheath around any with no need two-scale study or...

Interconnectivity and the standardization of communications promotes growth Industry 4.0. The most modern industrial machinery, devices processes are equipped with communication systems that favor such connectivity throughout standards as OPC-UA (OPen Connectivity-Unified Architecture). On other hand, older computer numerical control (CNCs), although generating large amounts data, lack standardized interfaces. In this article, we present a framework called UNIFIK for SIEMENS CNCs, namely...

A particle-in-cell simulation has been developed to study the behaviour of ions in surroundings a negatively biased cylindrical Langmuir probe. Here, we report our findings on transition between radial and orbital observed by means aforementioned code. The influence ion electron temperature ratio for different dimensionless probe radius is discussed. Two behaviours have found small large radii.

Interconnectivity and the standardization of communications promotes growth Industry 4.0. The most modern industrial machinery, devices processes are equipped with communication systems that favor such connectivity throughout standards as OPC-UA (OPen Connectivity-Unified Architecture). On other hand, older computer numerical control (CNCs), although generating large amounts data, lack standardized interfaces. In this article, we present a framework called UNIFIK for SIEMENS CNCs, namely...