An overview of one the most successful conducting polymers, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDT) and its derivatives, is presented, detailing early development, synthesis numerous hybrid derivative materials, along with a description broad array properties accessible set more prominent applications in which they can be utilized. Synthetic flexibility facility key to many new 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene- (EDT-) based monomers, oligomers, (co) polymers. These polymers provide highly...

We describe a simple process for the fabrication of ultrathin, transparent, optically homogeneous, electrically conducting films pure single-walled carbon nanotubes and transfer those to various substrates. For equivalent sheet resistance, exhibit optical transmittance comparable that commercial indium tin oxide in visible spectrum, but far superior technologically relevant 2- 5-micrometer infrared spectral band. These characteristics indicate broad applicability electrical coupling photonic...

Abstract An overview of the electrochemistry poly(3,4‐alkylenedioxythiophene)s (PXDOTs) is presented. As a class conducting and electroactive polymers that can exhibit high quite stable conductivities, degree optical transparency as conductor, ability to be rapidly switched between doped insulating neutral states, PXDOTs have attracted attention across academia industry. Numerous fundamental aspects are addressed here in detail, ranging from electrochemical synthesis PXDOTs, variety in‐situ...

A review of electrochromic (EC) polymers and their applications in absorption/transmission, reflective, patterned devices (ECDs) is presented. Fundamental properties EC materials such as optical contrast, coloration efficiency, switching speed, stability are described along with the commonly used characterization methods. The origin electrochromism conjugated explained terms electronic structure changes backbone upon doping/dedoping. ability to tailor tune color states via modification...

We report the synthesis and bulk heterojunction photovoltaic performance of first dithienogermole (DTG)-containing conjugated polymer. Stille polycondensation a distannyl-DTG derivative with 1,3-dibromo-N-octyl-thienopyrrolodione (TPD) results in an alternating copolymer which displays light absorption extending to 735 nm, higher HOMO level than analogous containing commonly utilized dithienosilole (DTS) heterocycle. When polyDTG-TPD:PC(70)BM blends are inverted solar cells, cells display...

Abstract The detailed characterization of solution‐derived nickel (II) oxide (NiO) hole‐transporting layer (HTL) films and their application in high efficiency organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells is reported. NiO precursor solution examined situ to determine the chemical species present. Coordination complexes monoethanolamine (MEA) with Ni ethanol thermally decompose form non‐stoichiometric NiO. Specifically, [Ni(MEA) 2 (OAc)] + ion found be most prevalent solution. defect‐induced 3+ ion,...

A series of alkyl-substituted and unsubstituted poly(3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene)s were synthesized electrochemically using 3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene derivative monomers where either the size alkylenedioxy ring or nature pendent group was varied. The specific systems studied include 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), 2-methyl-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine (EDOT-Me), 2-tetradecyl-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine (EDOT-C14H29), 2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine...

Isoindigo, as a new electron acceptor unit for organic electronic materials, was integrated into two low-energy gap oligothiophenes. Optical and electrochemical studies of the newly synthesized oligomers demonstrate broad absorption through visible spectrum, along with appropriate energy levels, desired light harvesting donors solar cells when blended [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC60BM). Molecular heterojunction were fabricated using these exhibit power conversion efficiency...

Solution-processable electrochromic (EC) polymers that can be switched from one distinct color state to a highly transmissive and near colorless are required for applications in both EC windows displays. Using tour around the wheel, we describe various polymer (ECP) compositions now make full palette of colors available demonstrating set structure−property relationships. Electrochemical characterization methodologies described their application ECPs demonstrated. Processing patterning...

A series of dual polymer electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on 12 complementary pairs conducting films have been constructed using 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-containing polymers. Poly[3,6-bis(2-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene))-N-methylcarbazole] (PBEDOT-NCH3Cz), poly[3,6-bis(2-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene))-N-eicosylcarbazole] (PBEDOT-NC20H41Cz), and poly[4,4'-bis(2-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene))biphenyl] (PBEDOT-BP) were utilized as anodically coloring polymers that electrochemically switch...

We present a plasmon-active hybrid nanomaterial design with electrochemical tunability of the localized surface plasmon resonances. The plasmonic-active nanostructures are composed silver nanocube aggregates embedded into an electrochromic polymer coating on indium tin oxide electrode aggregation controlled by pressure. Such polymer-nanocube nanomaterials demonstrated unique tunable plasmonic behavior under applied potential. A significant reversible experimental peak shift 22 nm at...

Using poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)–poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT–PSS) as the transparent electrode material, all‐polymer‐based electrochromic devices (ECDs) have been constructed from only organic and polymeric components. In picture shown, an absorption/transmissive‐type ECD maintained in its colored state is bent to demonstrate flexibility.

A family of soluble narrow band gap donor−acceptor conjugated polymers based on dioxythiophenes and cyanovinylenes is reported. The were synthesized using Knoevenagel polycondensation or Yamamoto coupling polymerizations to yield with molecular weights the order 10 000−20 000 g/mol, which possess solubility in common organic solvents. Thin film optical measurements revealed gaps 1.5−1.8 eV, gives a strong overlap solar spectrum. energetic positions edges determined by cyclic voltammetry...

Isoindigo (iI) has proven successful as an electron-accepting building block for the preparation of electroactive materials organic electronics. Its high yielding and scalable synthesis enabled rapid development a large number molecular polymeric iI-based with remarkable physical properties. This perspective provides overview fundamental properties isoindigo summarizes progress in new varied electronic applications during last 3 years, focusing particular on photovoltaics (OPVs) field effect...

A family of π-extended platinum(II) porphyrins has been synthesized and incorporated into solution processed polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs) vapor deposited multilayer organic (OLEDs), giving rise to devices with peak emission ranging from 771 1005 nm. The longest wavelength emitter, platinum(II)-5,10,15,20-(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)tetraanthroporphyrin (Pt-Ar4TAP), shows an maximum at nm, external quantum efficiency (EQE) 0.12%, a radiant emittance (Rmax) 0.23 mW/cm2 in single layer...

The field of electrochromic polymers has now reached an important milestone with the availability a yellow to fully transmissive, cathodically coloring, solution-processable electroactive polymer. This is in addition previously published that have neutral state colors span from orange, red, magenta, blue, cyan, green, and black, also attain highly transmissive states upon switching. With this, full color palette complete allowing largest variety for reflective display applications. Here, we...

We report a straightforward strategy of accessing wide variety colors through simple predictive color mixing electrochromic polymers (ECPs). have created set brown ECP blends that can be incorporated as the active material in user-controlled eyewear. Color ECPs proceeds subtractive fashion, and we acquire various hues cyan yellow primaries combination with orange periwinkle-blue secondary colors. Upon oxidation, all exhibit change transmittance from ca. 10 to 70% few seconds. demonstrate...

Interface recombination induced by the defect states in zinc-oxide-nanoparticle-based electron extraction layer is reported as a significant loss-mechanism of photocurrent collection. By choosing appropriate UV–ozone treatment conditions on zinc oxide layer, inverted polymer solar cells show reduced interface and thus improved power conversion efficiencies up to 8.1%.