A5026902692- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation
- Parasite Biology and Host Interactions
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Gut microbiota and health
- Plant and animal studies
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment
- Marine animal studies overview
- Ichthyology and Marine Biology
- Curcumin's Biomedical Applications
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Environmental and Social Impact Assessments
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Helminth infection and control
Cardiff University
2014-2024
Fondazione Edmund Mach
2015-2021
Mayo Clinic
2014-2016
Pfizer (United States)
2015
Gynecologic Oncology Group
2014
Department of Medical Sciences
2014
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
2014
WinnMed
2013
Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy
2005-2012
Pennsylvania State University
2005-2012
A fundamental assumption in invasion biology is that most invasive species exhibit enhanced performance their introduced range relative to home ranges. This idea has given rise numerous hypotheses explaining “invasion success” by virtue of altered ecological and evolutionary pressures. There are surprisingly few data, however, testing the underlying populations, including organism size, reproductive output, abundance, compared native range. Here, we combined data from published studies test...
The gut microbiota is vital to host health and, as such, it important elucidate the mechanisms altering its composition and diversity. Intestinal helminths are immunomodulators have evolved both temporally spatially in close association with microbiota, resulting potential mechanistic interplay. Host–helminth host–microbiota interactions comparatively well-examined, unlike microbiota–helminth relationships, which typically focus on experimental infection a single helminth species laboratory...
Abstract The number of wildlife-vehicle collisions has an obvious value in estimating the direct effects roads on wildlife, i.e. mortality due to vehicle collisions. Given nature data—species identification and location—there is, however, much wider ecological knowledge that can be gained by monitoring wildlife roadkill. Here, we review added opportunities provided these data, through a series case studies where such data have been instrumental contributing advancement species distributions,...
Summary Introduced species disrupt native communities and biodiversity worldwide. Parasitic infections (and at times, their absence) are thought to be a key component in the success impact of biological invasions by plants animals. They can facilitate or limit invasions, positively negatively species. Parasites have not only direct effects on hosts, but also indirect with which hosts interact. Indirect include density‐mediated (resulting from parasite‐induced reduction host reproduction...
Abstract Purpose: Ovarian cancer has a high recurrence and mortality rate. A barrier to improved outcomes includes lack of accurate models for preclinical testing novel therapeutics. Experimental Design: Clinically relevant, patient-derived tumorgraft were generated from sequential patients the first 168 engrafted are described. Fresh ovarian, primary peritoneal, fallopian tube carcinomas collected at time debulking surgery injected intraperitoneally into severe combined immunodeficient...
Dobson and colleagues describe how some host species act to reduce the risk of transmission virulent zoonotic pathogens humans.
Abstract Range expansions are extremely common, but have only recently begun to attract attention in terms of their genetic consequences. As populations expand, demes at the wave front experience strong drift, which is expected reduce diversity and potentially cause ‘allele surfing’, where alleles may become fixed over a wide geographical area even if effects deleterious. Previous simulation models show that range can generate very selective gradients on dispersal, reproduction, competition...
Transmission is a fundamental step in the life cycle of every parasite but it also one most challenging processes to model and quantify. In host–parasite models, transmission process encapsulated by single parameter β . Many different biological interactions, acting on both hosts infectious organisms, are subsumed this term. There are, however, at least two undesirable consequences high level abstraction. First, nonlinearities heterogeneities that can be critical dynamic behaviour infections...
Roads can have negative impacts on wildlife through indirect effects such as fragmentation of habitat, or direct fatal collisions with vehicles. Wildlife deaths British roads number in the millions per year, so resulting carcasses represent a substantial carrion biomass available food for scavengers. By removing roadkill urban areas, scavengers perform valuable ecosystem service, but rapid removal these by could bias estimates wildlife. In order to evaluate scale and context scavenging, we...
ABSTRACT In 1979, a lineage of avian-like H1N1 influenza A viruses emerged in European swine populations independently from the classical virus that had circulated pigs since Spanish pandemic 1918. To determine whether these two distinct lineages swine-adapted A/H1N1 evolved ancestors similar ways, as might be expected given their common host species and origin, we compared patterns nucleotide amino acid change whole genome sequences both groups. An analysis compositional bias across all...
1. Social network analyses tend to focus on human interactions. However, there is a burgeoning interest in applying graph theory ecological data from animal populations. Here we show how radio-tracking and capture-mark-recapture collated wild rodent populations can be used generate contact networks. 2. Both were undertaken simultaneously. Contact networks derived the following statistics estimated: mean-contact rate, edge distribution, connectance centrality. 3. Capture-mark-recapture...
Deer support high tick intensities, perpetuating populations, but they do not tick-borne pathogen transmission, so are dilution hosts. We test the hypothesis that absence of deer (loss a host) will result in either an increase or reduction density, and outcome is scale dependent. use complementary methodological approach starting with meta-analysis, followed up by field experiment. Meta-analysis indicated larger exclosures reduce questing (host-seeking) as exclosure becomes smaller (<2.5 ha)...
Abstract Male‐biased infection is a common phenomenon in vertebrate‐parasite systems and male‐biased transmission has been experimentally demonstrated. One mechanism that hypothesized to create the immuno‐suppressive effect of testosterone because it increases susceptibility infection. Testosterone also influences host behaviour and, consequently, may increase exposure parasites. To test how could transmission, we undertook longitudinal mark‐recapture study where elevated levels wild male...
Summary Invasive populations frequently harbour a reduced parasite community compared with their native counterparts. The loss of regulating enemies may result in re‐allocation resources away from costly defences, effects that be particularly pronounced at the wave‐front invasion during range expansion stage. Bottlenecking and increased genetic drift is also expected to immunogenetic diversity. As invasive species expands its range, selection will strongly favour growth reproduction, traits...
Co-infection by multiple parasites is common within individuals. Interactions between co-infecting include resource competition, direct competition and immune-mediated interactions each are likely to alter the dynamics of single parasites. We posit that co-infection a driver variation in parasite establishment growth, ultimately altering production transmission stages. To test this hypothesis, three different treatment groups laboratory mice were infected with gastrointestinal helminth...
Daily, a large number of animals are killed on European roads due to collisions with vehicles. A high proportion these events, however, not documented, as those obliged collect such data, only record small proportion; the police register that lead traffic accidents, and hunters data game wildlife. Such reports disproportionately under-records vertebrates birds, mammals, amphibians reptiles. In last decade, national wildlife roadkill reporting systems have been launched, largely working...
Abstract Associating with conspecifics afflicted infectious diseases increases the risk of becoming infected, but engaging in avoidance behaviour incurs cost lost social benefits. Across systems, infected individuals vary transmission they pose, so natural selection should favour risk‐sensitive that optimally balances costs and benefits sociality. Here, we use guppy Poecilia reticulata–Gyrodactylus turnbulli host–parasite system to test prediction avoid proportion pose. In dichotomous choice...
Citizen science plays an important role in observing the natural environment. While conventional citizen consists of organized campaigns to observe a particular phenomenon or species there are also many ad hoc observations environment social media. These data constitute valuable resource for ‘passive science’—the use media that unconnected any program, but represent untapped dataset ecological value. We explore value passive science, by evaluating distributions using photo sharing site...
The spatial and temporal distribution of hantavirus arenavirus antibody-positive wild rodents in Trentino, Italy, was studied using immunofluorescence assays (IFA) two long-term sites trapped 2000–2003, six other 2002. overall seroprevalence the bank voles, Clethrionomys glareolus ( n =229) screened for Puumala virus (PUUV) antibodies 0·4%, that Apodemus flavicollis mice =1416) Dobrava (DOBV) 0·2%. Antibodies against lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCMV) were found 82 (5·6%) 1472 tested...
SUMMARY Predator-prey models are often applied to the interactions between host immunity and parasite growth. A key component of these is immune system's functional response, relationship activity load. Typically, assume a simple, linear response. However, based on mechanistic parasites we argue that alternative forms more likely, resulting in very different predictions, ranging from exclusion chronic infection. By extending this framework consider multiple infections show combinations...